IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/scn/mngsci/y2016i4p14-23.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТЕ // Problem Situations in Management

Author

Listed:
  • S. Zbrishchak G.

    (RT Group)

  • Светлана Збрищак Георгиевна

    (ООО «Эр Ти Групп»)

Abstract

There is a type of management tasks which have a high level of initial uncertainty, complexity, uniqueness and presence of multiple stakeholders. Management situations are characterized not only by uncertainty conditions, but the presence of social relations arising between members of the organization that makes the process of resolving extremely complex. The process of dealing with such situations requires a correct understanding of the real-life issues and the organization of collective work, because of their complexity. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the importance of initial (prior to the formulation) stage of solving the managerial situation, which is rarely the subject of research. The terms “a problem” and “a problem situation” in management are distinguished on the basis of the concepts of “wicked” problems of H.W. J. Rittel & M.M. Webber, well-structured and ill-structured problems of H. Simon, and other researchers. Two main areas of finding a solution to a problem situation in the initial stages are defined in general terms: the primary data collection about a problem situation and reaching a shared understanding; and coordination of the stakeholders’ positions. These areas derive from the complexity of management situations as mental and social constructions. The process of structuring the problem situation is determined as a process of verbal description translation into the formal problem due to the characteristics of the problem situation. Systems’ approach is proposed for finding solutions as a way of perceiving and understanding the world based on a holistic perception of the situation, and which is designed to simplify the process of thinking and managing complex situations. To deal with problem situations it is suggested to use Problem structuring methods (PSMs) based on modeling that relate to the soft system methodologies. Cognitive maps are considered to be one of the modeling tools. The article attempts to make up for a shortage in the domestic literature and management practices research on the PSM application. В менеджменте существует класс управленческих задач, которые отличаются высоким уровнем начальной неопределенности, сложностью, уникальностью и наличием нескольких заинтересованных сторон. Кроме того, управленческие ситуации характеризуются наличием социальных отношений, возникающих между членами организации, что делает процесс разрешения исключительно сложным, требующим корректного понимания сути реально существующих проблем организации и коллективной работы в силу их сложности. Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена важностью начального (предпостановочного) этапа решения управленческой ситуации, который редко является предметом исследования. В статье проводится разграничение понятий «проблема» и «проблемная ситуация» в менеджменте на основе концепций «трудноразрешимых» проблем Х. Риттеля и М. Веббера, хорошо структурированных и слабоструктурированных проблем Г. Саймона и других исследователей. Выделяются в общем виде два основных направления поиска решения проблемной ситуации на начальном этапе: сбор первичных данных о проблемной ситуации; достижение совместного понимания, согласование позиций заинтересованных сторон. Процесс структурирования проблемной ситуации определяется как процесс перевода вербального описания проблемы в формальное, обусловленный характеристиками проблемной ситуации. Для поиска решения предлагается применить системный подход как способ восприятия и осмысления мира, основанного на целостном восприятии ситуации, и который призван упростить процесс мышления и управление сложными ситуациями. Для разрешения проблемных ситуаций рекомендуется использовать основанные на моделировании методы структурирования проблем (МСП), которые относятся к мягким системным методологиям. Одним из инструментов моделирования являются когнитивные карты. В статье предпринята попытка восполнить наблюдающийся дефицит работ в отечественной литературе и управленческой практике по применению МСП.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Zbrishchak G. & Светлана Збрищак Георгиевна, 2016. "ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТЕ // Problem Situations in Management," Управленческие науки // Management Science, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 6(4), pages 14-23.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:mngsci:y:2016:i:4:p:14-23
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://managementscience.fa.ru/jour/article/viewFile/78/79.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Russell L. Ackoff, 1981. "The Art and Science of Mess Management," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 11(1), pages 20-26, February.
    2. Thomas Frisendal, 2012. "Design Thinking Business Analysis," Management for Professionals, Springer, edition 127, number 978-3-642-32844-2, December.
    3. Mingers, John & Rosenhead, Jonathan, 2004. "Problem structuring methods in action," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 152(3), pages 530-554, February.
    4. Thomas Frisendal, 2012. "Design Thinking for Business Analysis," Management for Professionals, in: Design Thinking Business Analysis, edition 127, chapter 3, pages 15-24, Springer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. David C. Lane, 2010. "OR FORUM---High Leverage Interventions: Three Cases of Defensive Action and Their Lessons for OR/MS Today," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 58(6), pages 1535-1547, December.
    2. Mingers, John, 2011. "Soft OR comes of age--but not everywhere!," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 729-741, December.
    3. Eden, Colin & Ackermann, Fran, 2018. "Theory into practice, practice to theory: Action research in method development," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 271(3), pages 1145-1155.
    4. Micu Alexandra & Micu Ion, 2014. "New Trends In Management," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1(1), pages 1194-1199, July.
    5. Michael Yearworth & Gordon Edwards, 2014. "On the Desirability of Integrating Research Methods into Overall Systems Approaches in the Training of Engineers: Analysis Using SSM," Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 47-66, January.
    6. Driouchi, Tarik & Leseure, Michel & Bennett, David, 2009. "A robustness framework for monitoring real options under uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 698-710, June.
    7. Yearworth, Mike & White, Leroy, 2014. "The non-codified use of problem structuring methods and the need for a generic constitutive definition," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 237(3), pages 932-945.
    8. Preece, Gary & Shaw, Duncan & Hayashi, Haruo, 2015. "Application of the Viable System Model to analyse communications structures: A case study of disaster response in Japan," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 243(1), pages 312-322.
    9. Ackermann, Fran, 2012. "Problem structuring methods ‘in the Dock’: Arguing the case for Soft OR," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 219(3), pages 652-658.
    10. Nina Tura & Lea Hannola & Mikko Pynnönen, 2017. "Agile Methods for Boosting the Commercialization Process of New Technology," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 14(03), pages 1-23, June.
    11. Sébastien Damart, 2010. "A Cognitive Mapping Approach to Organizing the Participation of Multiple Actors in a Problem Structuring Process," Group Decision and Negotiation, Springer, vol. 19(5), pages 505-526, September.
    12. Arash Golnam & Paavo Ritala & Alain Wegmann, 2014. "Coopetition within and between value networks - a typology and a modelling framework," International Journal of Business Environment, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 6(1), pages 47-68.
    13. Midgley, Gerald & Cavana, Robert Y. & Brocklesby, John & Foote, Jeff L. & Wood, David R.R. & Ahuriri-Driscoll, Annabel, 2013. "Towards a new framework for evaluating systemic problem structuring methods," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 229(1), pages 143-154.
    14. Gu, Jifa & Tang, Xijin, 2005. "Meta-synthesis approach to complex system modeling," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 166(3), pages 597-614, November.
    15. Etienne Rouwette & Ingrid Bastings & Hans Blokker, 2011. "A Comparison of Group Model Building and Strategic Options Development and Analysis," Group Decision and Negotiation, Springer, vol. 20(6), pages 781-803, November.
    16. Hugo Herrera & Nuno Videira & Hubert P.L.M. Korzilius & Kathya Lorena Cordova‐Pozo & Marleen H.F. McCardle‐Keurentjes, 2022. "Reflecting on factors influencing long‐lasting organisational effects of group model‐building interventions," System Dynamics Review, System Dynamics Society, vol. 38(2), pages 190-209, April.
    17. Madson Bruno da Silva Monte & Danielle Costa Morais, 2019. "A Decision Model for Identifying and Solving Problems in an Urban Water Supply System," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(14), pages 4835-4848, November.
    18. E D Adamides & P Mitropoulos & I Giannikos & I Mitropoulos, 2009. "A multi-methodological approach to the development of a regional solid waste management system," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 60(6), pages 758-770, June.
    19. Maria Franca Norese & Diana Rolando & Rocco Curto, 2023. "DIKEDOC: a multicriteria methodology to organise and communicate knowledge," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 325(2), pages 1049-1082, June.
    20. Hajkowicz, Stefan & Higgins, Andrew, 2008. "A comparison of multiple criteria analysis techniques for water resource management," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 184(1), pages 255-265, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:scn:mngsci:y:2016:i:4:p:14-23. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Алексей Скалабан (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://managementscience.elpub.ru .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.