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White Flight from Racially Integrated Neighbourhoods in the 1970s: the Cleveland Experience

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  • George C. Galster

    (College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, USA)

Abstract

An econometric model of 1970-80 residential turnover rates for white households is estimated for census tracts in Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, Ohio. Results indicate that 1970 tract percentage black, coupled with its interaction with estimated segregationist sentiment for white residents, was the dominant explanatory variable, although the relationship was highly non-linear. Ceteris paribus, the maximum rate of racially motivated turnover by whites occurred in tracts that were at least 55 per cent black in 1970, regardless of whites' segregationist sentiments. However, tracts had negligible amounts of such turnover if they had below-average levels of segregationist sentiment and blacks did not represent a majority in the tract. Application of the results to the Schelling model indicated that white neighbourhood 'tipping-out' points varied from 98 per cent to 53 per cent white, within 1 standard deviation of the mean level of segregationist sentiment. Integration management policies conducted by the suburban Shaker Heights and Cleveland Heights jurisdictions during the period did not succeed in dampening this pattern of white flight. On the contrary, ceteris paribus, Heights tracts had white turnover rates 16.6 percentage points greater.

Suggested Citation

  • George C. Galster, 1990. "White Flight from Racially Integrated Neighbourhoods in the 1970s: the Cleveland Experience," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 27(3), pages 385-399, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:27:y:1990:i:3:p:385-399
    DOI: 10.1080/00420989020080341
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ann B. Schnare & C. Duncan MacRae, 1978. "The Dynamics of Neighbourhood Change," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 15(3), pages 327-331, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zwiers, Merle & van Ham, Maarten & Manley, David, 2016. "Trajectories of Neighborhood Change: Spatial Patterns of Increasing Ethnic Diversity," IZA Discussion Papers 10216, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. David M. Cutler & Edward L. Glaeser & Jacob L. Vigdor, 1999. "The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 107(3), pages 455-506, June.
    3. Harris Selod & Yves Zenou, 2006. "City Structure, Job Search and Labour Discrimination: Theory and Policy Implications," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 116(514), pages 1057-1087, October.
    4. Collins, William J. & Smith, Fred H., 2007. "A neighborhood-level view of riots, property values, and population loss: Cleveland 1950-1980," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 365-386, July.

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