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Challenges in assessing depressive symptoms in Fiji: A psychometric evaluation of the CES-D

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  • April Opoliner
  • Deborah Blacker
  • Garrett Fitzmaurice
  • Anne Becker

Abstract

Background and Aim: The CES-D is a commonly used self-report assessment for depressive symptomatology. However, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in Fiji. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of English language and Fijian vernacular versions in ethnic Fijian adolescent schoolgirls. Methods: As part of the HEALTHY Fiji study, ethnic Fijian female adolescents ( N = 523) completed the CES-D. Participants selected to respond in English or the local vernacular. Reliability (internal consistency, item-total score correlation, and test-retest estimates), validity (associations with other proxies for depression) and factor structure were assessed. Evaluations considered differences between language versions. Results: In this sample, the CES-D had a Cronbach’s α of 0.81 and item-total score correlation coefficients ranged between 0.2 and 0.63. One week test-retest reliability (ICC(2)) was 0.57. CES-D scores were higher among individuals who endorsed feelings of depression and suicidality compared to those who did not. ROC analyses of the CES-D versus binary depression and suicidality variables produced AUCs around 0.70 and did not support a discrete cut-off for significant disturbance. Findings were similar across the two language groups. Conclusions: The CES-D has acceptable reliability and validity among ethnic Fijian female adolescents in English and in the Fijian vernacular language. Findings support its utility as a dimensional measure for depressive symptomatology in this study population. Further examination of its clinical utility for case finding for depression in Fijian school-based and community populations is warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • April Opoliner & Deborah Blacker & Garrett Fitzmaurice & Anne Becker, 2014. "Challenges in assessing depressive symptoms in Fiji: A psychometric evaluation of the CES-D," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 60(4), pages 367-376, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:60:y:2014:i:4:p:367-376
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764013490871
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pamela Y. Collins & Vikram Patel & Sarah S. Joestl & Dana March & Thomas R. Insel & Abdallah S. Daar & Isabel A. Bordin & E. Jane Costello & Maureen Durkin & Christopher Fairburn & Roger I. Glass & Wa, 2011. "Grand challenges in global mental health," Nature, Nature, vol. 475(7354), pages 27-30, July.
    2. Rafia Ghubash & Tewfik K. Daradkeh & Khawla S. Al Naseri & Nadia Bin A. Al Bloushi & Alia M. Al Daheri, 2000. "The Performance of the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale (Ces-D) in an Arab Female Community," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 46(4), pages 241-249, December.
    3. Iwata, Noboru & Roberts, Robert E., 1996. "Age differences among Japanese on the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: An ethnocultural perspective on somatization," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 43(6), pages 967-974, September.
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