IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/joupea/v58y2021i3p612-620.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How very massive atrocities end: A dataset and typology

Author

Listed:
  • Bridget Conley

    (33630Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University)

  • Chad Hazlett

    (Department of Political Science, 8783UCLA)

Abstract

Understanding how the most severe mass atrocities have historically come to an end may aid in designing policy interventions to more rapidly terminate future episodes. To facilitate research in this area, we construct a new dataset covering all 43 very large mass atrocities perpetrated by governments or non-state actors since 1945 with at least 50,000 civilian fatalities. This article introduces and summarizes these data, including an inductively generated typology of three major ending types: those in which (i) violence is carried out to its intended conclusion (37%); (ii) the perpetrator is driven out of power militarily (26%); or (iii) the perpetrator shifts to a different strategy no longer involving mass atrocities against civilians (37%). We find that international actors play a range of important roles in endings, often involving encouragement and support for policy changes that reduce mass killings. Endings could be attributed principally to armed foreign interventions in only four cases, three of which involved regime change. Within the cases we study, no ending was attributable to a neutral peacekeeping mission.

Suggested Citation

  • Bridget Conley & Chad Hazlett, 2021. "How very massive atrocities end: A dataset and typology," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 58(3), pages 612-620, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:joupea:v:58:y:2021:i:3:p:612-620
    DOI: 10.1177/0022343319900912
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343319900912
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0022343319900912?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jacqueline H. R. DeMeritt, 2012. "International Organizations and Government Killing: Does Naming and Shaming Save Lives?," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 597-621, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Joan Barceló & Robert Kubinec & Cindy Cheng & Tiril Høye Rahn & Luca Messerschmidt, 2022. "Windows of repression: Using COVID-19 policies against political dissidents?," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 59(1), pages 73-89, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Daniel Berliner, 2016. "Transnational advocacy and domestic law: International NGOs and the design of freedom of information laws," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 121-144, March.
    2. Hansen, Daniel, 2020. "The effectiveness of fiscal institutions: International financial flogging or domestic constraint?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    3. Luca Messerschmidt & Nicole Janz, 2020. "Unravelling the 'race to the bottom' argument: How does FDI affect different types of labour rights?," Munich Papers in Political Economy 05, Munich School of Politics and Public Policy and the School of Management at the Technical University of Munich.
    4. Amanda Murdie & Dursun Peksen, 2015. "Women’s rights INGO shaming and the government respect for women’s rights," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-22, March.
    5. David Kreitmeir & Nathan Lane & Paul A. Raschky, 2020. "The Value of Names - Civil Society, Information, and Governing Multinationals on the Global Periphery," SoDa Laboratories Working Paper Series 2020-10, Monash University, SoDa Laboratories.
    6. Duan, Fengyu, 2017. "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Modern History of Human Rights," LawArXiv 9uftm, Center for Open Science.
    7. Ryan M. Welch & Jacqueline H. R. DeMeritt & Courtenay R. Conrad, 2021. "Conceptualizing and Measuring Institutional Variation in National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs)," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 65(5), pages 1010-1033, May.
    8. David Benjamin Weyrauch & Christoph Valentin Steinert, 2022. "Instrumental or intrinsic? Human rights alignment in intergovernmental organizations," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 89-115, January.
    9. Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya & Janz, Nicole & Berntsen, Øyvind Isachsen, 2018. "Human Rights Shaming and FDI: Effects of the UN Human Rights Commission and Council," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 222-237.
    10. Sam R. Bell & K. Chad Clay & Amanda Murdie, 2019. "Join the Chorus, Avoid the Spotlight: The Effect of Neighborhood and Social Dynamics on Human Rights Organization Shaming," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 63(1), pages 167-193, January.
    11. Charles Anderton, 2014. "Killing Civilians as an Inferior Input in a Rational Choice Model of Genocide and Mass Killing," Working Papers 1412, College of the Holy Cross, Department of Economics.
    12. Joan Barceló & Robert Kubinec & Cindy Cheng & Tiril Høye Rahn & Luca Messerschmidt, 2022. "Windows of repression: Using COVID-19 policies against political dissidents?," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 59(1), pages 73-89, January.
    13. Travis B. Curtice & Brandon Behlendorf, 2021. "Street-level Repression: Protest, Policing, and Dissent in Uganda," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 65(1), pages 166-194, January.
    14. Justin Esarey & Jacqueline H. R. DeMeritt, 2017. "Political Context and the Consequences of Naming and Shaming for Human Rights Abuse," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(4), pages 589-618, July.
    15. Anderton Charles H. & Carter John R., 2015. "A New Look at Weak State Conditions and Genocide Risk," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 21(1), pages 1-36, January.
    16. Charles Anderton & John Carter, 2015. "A New Look at Weak State Conditions and Genocide Risk," Working Papers 1510, College of the Holy Cross, Department of Economics.
    17. Rochelle Terman & Erik Voeten, 2018. "The relational politics of shame: Evidence from the universal periodic review," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, March.
    18. Michelle Benson & Colin Tucker, 2022. "The Importance of UN Security Council Resolutions in Peacekeeping Operations," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 66(3), pages 473-503, April.
    19. Anderton Charles H., 2014. "Killing Civilians as an Inferior Input in a Rational Choice Model of Genocide and Mass Killing," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 1-20, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:joupea:v:58:y:2021:i:3:p:612-620. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.prio.no/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.