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Transforming Competitive or Cooperative Climates

Author

Listed:
  • Svenn Lindskold
  • Brian Betz
  • Pamela S. Walters

    (Department of Psychology, Ohio University)

Abstract

In two studies 200 subjects played repeated trials of Prisoner's Dilemma with a simulated other who could send verbal communications. In the first study, the other began intensifying conflict by being behaviorally unresponsive over a long duration, by being totally noncooperative, by responding more quickly to the competition than the cooperation of the subject, or by coercing cooperation with threats for the purpose of exploitation. Then the other introduced a program of carefully communicated conciliation. The results showed a significant increase in cooperation by the subjects across conditions. In the second study, the subjects' competition was intensified by the other's choice of verbal communication—threat, insult, or challenge. Then the other introduced conciliation; the subjects responded cooperatively in all cases. Finally, the other lapsed into uncommunicated competition, and the subjects became highly competitive once more. The results are discussed in terms of Deutsch's (1983) “crude law of social relations†and the evidence suggesting that an atmosphere of either cooperation or competition can be quickly altered in a situation of interdependence when one party clearly acts inconsistently with what is characteristic of that climate.

Suggested Citation

  • Svenn Lindskold & Brian Betz & Pamela S. Walters, 1986. "Transforming Competitive or Cooperative Climates," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 30(1), pages 99-114, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:30:y:1986:i:1:p:99-114
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002786030001007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. V.Edwin Bixenstine & Jacquelyn W. Gaebelein, 1971. "Strategies of "real" opponents in eliciting cooperative choice in a Prisoner's Dilemma game," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 15(2), pages 157-166, June.
    2. Philip S. Gallo Jr & Charles G. McClintock, 1965. "Cooperative and competitive behavior in mixed-motive games," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 9(1), pages 68-78, March.
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    Cited by:

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    3. William P. Bottom & Kevin Gibson & Steven E. Daniels & J. Keith Murnighan, 2002. "When Talk Is Not Cheap: Substantive Penance and Expressions of Intent in Rebuilding Cooperation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 13(5), pages 497-513, October.
    4. M. Scholes & Mike Wright & Paul Westhead & Andrew Burrows & Hans Bruining, 2007. "Information Sharing, Price Negotiation and Management Buy-outs of Private Family-owned Firms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 329-349, October.
    5. Liu, Min-Ling & Liu, Na-Ting & Ding, Cherng G. & Lin, Chieh-Peng, 2015. "Exploring team performance in high-tech industries: Future trends of building up teamwork," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 295-310.

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