IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/indqtr/v68y2012i1p69-87.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

India and China

Author

Listed:
  • T.P. Bhat

Abstract

India and China share many similarities. In the initial years, both adopted inward-looking import substitution policies with little consideration to foreign trade. During that period, China’s foreign trade policy was more regimented than that of India’s. As a result, both suffered on account of inefficiency in production and technological backwardness. China’s ‘open door’ policy came into force in 1978, and India adopted liberalisation policies much later in 1991. China’s economy grew much faster with an emphasis on export growth and attracting foreign direct investment. India, too, followed this approach in a calibrated manner. Domestic economic reform in China was carried out with a view to join the World Trade Organization (WTO). Entry of China into WTO unfolded trade liberalisation on an unprecedented scale. China’s foreign market access enhanced its export growth to a phenomenal level. Now it has become the number one exporter, surpassing the US. India’s exports also grew, but not as fast as China’s. Trade instrument deployed by both the countries varies in nature and substance. China’s export competitive power is well established in the global market, while India is yet to get to that level.

Suggested Citation

  • T.P. Bhat, 2012. "India and China," India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, , vol. 68(1), pages 69-87, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:indqtr:v:68:y:2012:i:1:p:69-87
    DOI: 10.1177/097492841106800105
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097492841106800105
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/097492841106800105?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martin, Will, 1993. "Modeling the post-reform Chinese economy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 15(5-6), pages 545-579.
    2. Martin, Will, 2001. "Trade policy reform in the East Asian transition economies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2535, The World Bank.
    3. Harry X Wu, 1994. "Reforms of ChinaÂ’s Foreign Exchange Regime: Behind Unification," Chinese Economies Research Centre (CERC) Working Papers 1994-15, University of Adelaide, Chinese Economies Research Centre.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Saroj Kumar Mahonty, . "Economic Growth, Exports and Domestic Demand in India: In search of a New Pardigm of Development," Chapters, in: Zhang Yunling & Fukunari Kimura & Sothea Oum (ed.), Moving Toward A New Development Model For East Asia-The Role of Domestic Policy and Regional Cooperation, chapter 6, pages 191-222, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    2. Wang, Bing & Ke, Ruo-Yu & Yuan, Xiao-Chen & Wei, Yi-Ming, 2014. "China׳s regional assessment of renewable energy vulnerability to climate change," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 185-195.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ianchovichina, Elena, 2001. "Trade Liberalization in China’s Accession to WTO," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 16, pages 421-445.
    2. Kym Anderson & Johan Swinnen, 2008. "Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Europe's Transition Economies," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6502, December.
    3. Philippa Dee & Anne McNaughton, 2013. "Promoting Domestic Reforms through Regionalism," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Services Trade Reform Making Sense of It, chapter 14, pages 381-427, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Anderson, Kym & Kurzweil, Marianne & Martin, William J. & Sandri, Damiano & Valenzuela, Ernesto, 2008. "Methodology for Measuring Distortions to Agricultural Incentives," Agricultural Distortions Working Paper Series 48326, World Bank.
    5. Zhang, Xiao-guang, 1998. "Modeling Economic Transition: A Two-Tier Price Computable General Equilibrium Model of the Chinese Economy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 483-511, August.
    6. Martin, Will, 2005. "Outgrowing resource dependence theory and some recent developments," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3482, The World Bank.
    7. Anderson, Kym & Kurzweil, Marianne & Martin, Will & Sandri, Damiano & Valenzuela, Ernesto, 2008. "Measuring distortions to agricultural incentives, revisited," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(4), pages 675-704, October.
    8. Elena Ianchovichina & Will Martin, 2004. "Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 18(1), pages 3-27.
    9. Martin, Will, 2001. "Trade policy reform in the East Asian transition economies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2535, The World Bank.
    10. Nguyen, Hoa & Grote, Ulrike, 2004. "Agricultural policies in Vietnam," MTID discussion papers 79, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    11. Rolando H. Castañeda, 2003. "The Cuban External Sector in 1989-2002: Some Observations on Achievements, Failures and Challenges," Annual Proceedings, The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, vol. 13.
    12. Yuventus Effendi & Budy Resosudarmo, 2022. "Inter-regional System Of Analysis For East Asia: A Manual," Working Papers in Economics and Development Studies (WoPEDS) 202201, Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University, revised Oct 2022.
    13. Pu Chen & Chih-Ying Hsiao, 2007. "The Transition Process In China: An Economic Development Perspective," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 32(2), pages 113-134, December.
    14. Garbaccio, Richard F., 1995. "Price reform and structural change in the Chinese economy: Policy simulations using a CGE model," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 1-34.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:indqtr:v:68:y:2012:i:1:p:69-87. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.