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International Entrepreneurship in Lebanon

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  • Zafar U. Ahmed
  • Craig C. Julian

Abstract

This article provides a review of Lebanese entrepreneurial business practices since the 1920s. The characteristics of Lebanese culture are covered with special reference to the value systems inherent within Lebanese management practices. The historical development of Lebanese business in the context of management, culture and practices; innovation; individualism and collectivism; the role of government; indigenous entrepreneurs; education and training; and internationalization of Lebanese business is also reviewed via the literature and selected case studies. It is clear that the historical development of domestic business in Lebanon is unique and has been influenced by the civil war to a large extent and Lebanon’s previous trading relationships with its Arab neighbours.

Suggested Citation

  • Zafar U. Ahmed & Craig C. Julian, 2012. "International Entrepreneurship in Lebanon," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 13(1), pages 25-38, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:globus:v:13:y:2012:i:1:p:25-38
    DOI: 10.1177/097215091101300102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jarillo, J. Carlos, 1989. "Entrepreneurship and growth: the strategic use of external resources," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 133-147, March.
    2. H Kevin Steensma & Louis Marino & K Mark Weaver, 2000. "Attitudes Toward Cooperative Strategies: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Entrepreneurs," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 31(4), pages 591-609, December.
    3. Josiane Fahed-Sreih & David Pistrui & Wilfred V. Huang & Harold P. Welsch, 2010. "Family and cultural factors impacting entrepreneurship in war time Lebanon," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 12(1), pages 35-51.
    4. Shane, Scott & Kolvereid, Lars & Westhead, Paul, 1991. "An exploratory examination of the reasons leading to new firm formation across country and gender," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 6(6), pages 431-446, November.
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