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A city-scale assessment of emergency response accessibility to vulnerable populations and facilities under normal and pluvial flood conditions for Shanghai, China

Author

Listed:
  • Jie Yin

    (12655East China Normal University, China)

  • Dapeng Yu

    (Loughborough University, UK)

  • Banggu Liao

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a scenario-based approach that couples 2D hydrodynamic modeling with Geographic Information System (GIS) network analysis to assess the vulnerability of emergency services to surface water flooding at a large city scale. The method is demonstrated for Emergency Medical Service and Fire & Rescue Service in the city of Shanghai, China. Considering four representative traffic conditions, accessibility in terms of service area, response time, and population coverage within specified timeframes (8-, 12-, and 15-minute for Emergency Medical Service and 5-, 10-, and 15-minute for Fire & Rescue Service) is quantified and mapped under normal as well as pluvial flood scenarios of various magnitudes (5-, 20-, and 100-year return periods). Results show that the performance of operational responses largely depends on the functioning of transportation system, dramatically decreasing from unobstructed to congested traffic. Surface water flooding is found to result in limited (i.e. site-specific) but nonlinear impacts on the city-wide emergency service provisions. The results provide detailed information for optimizing the distribution of emergency stations and developing strategic contingency planning for vulnerable populations and facilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Jie Yin & Dapeng Yu & Banggu Liao, 2021. "A city-scale assessment of emergency response accessibility to vulnerable populations and facilities under normal and pluvial flood conditions for Shanghai, China," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(8), pages 2239-2253, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirb:v:48:y:2021:i:8:p:2239-2253
    DOI: 10.1177/2399808320971304
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dapeng Yu & Jie Yin & Robert L. Wilby & Stuart N. Lane & Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts & Ning Lin & Min Liu & Hongyong Yuan & Jianguo Chen & Christel Prudhomme & Mingfu Guan & Avinoam Baruch & Charlie W. D. J, 2020. "Disruption of emergency response to vulnerable populations during floods," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 3(9), pages 728-736, September.
    2. Wei Zhang & Gabriele Villarini & Gabriel A. Vecchi & James A. Smith, 2018. "Urbanization exacerbated the rainfall and flooding caused by hurricane Harvey in Houston," Nature, Nature, vol. 563(7731), pages 384-388, November.
    3. Xiaodan Wu & Dapeng Yu & Zhongyuan Chen & Robert Wilby, 2012. "An evaluation of the impacts of land surface modification, storm sewer development, and rainfall variation on waterlogging risk in Shanghai," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 305-323, September.
    4. Dominik Paprotny & Antonia Sebastian & Oswaldo Morales-Nápoles & Sebastiaan N. Jonkman, 2018. "Trends in flood losses in Europe over the past 150 years," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Chuanyao & Jia, Baibing, 2025. "Measuring emergency medical service accessibility using the improved 3SFCA: With a focus on key population influence," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).

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