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Employment Decentralization in US Metropolitan Areas: Is Los Angeles an Outlier or the Norm?

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  • P Gordon
  • H W Richardson

Abstract

In this paper data from the economic censuses are utilized to show that most job growth in the manufacturing, wholesaling, retail, and service industries in the 1982–87 period has been in the urban peripheries of the twelve consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSAs). Similar data for 1976, 1980, and 1986 from another source, the Wharton Urban Decentralization Project, confirm many of these trends, and for a larger set of metropolitan areas. The results show that Los Angeles is more in the middle of the twelve CMSAs than it is an outlier. It is suggested that these common results reflect a common process, that is, an initial movement of households towards the metropolitan edge in search of amenities (or flight from central city ills), followed by the decentralization of firms to increase their access to suburban labor pools.

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  • P Gordon & H W Richardson, 1996. "Employment Decentralization in US Metropolitan Areas: Is Los Angeles an Outlier or the Norm?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 28(10), pages 1727-1743, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:28:y:1996:i:10:p:1727-1743
    DOI: 10.1068/a281727
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wieand, Kenneth F., 1987. "An extension of the monocentric urban spatial equilibrium model to a multicenter setting: The case of the two-center city," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 259-271, May.
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    1. Loo, Becky P.Y. & Chow, Alice S.Y., 2011. "Jobs-housing balance in an era of population decentralization: An analytical framework and a case study," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 552-562.
    2. Juan Zhu & Xinyi Niu & Cheng Shi, 2019. "The Influencing Factors of a Polycentric Employment System on Jobs-Housing Matching—A Case Study of Hangzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Genevieve Giuliano, 2000. "Land Use Policy and Transportation: Why We Won't Get There from Here," Working Paper 8649, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    4. Paolo VENERI, 2010. "The Identification of Sub-centres in Two Italian Metropolitan Areas: a Functional Approach," Working Papers 343, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    5. Murakami, Jin & Chang, Zheng, 2018. "Polycentric development under public leasehold: A spatial analysis of commercial land use rights," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 25-36.
    6. Zeynep Elburz & Vedia Dokmeci, 2012. "The Spatial Distribution Of Fire Services In Izmir," ERSA conference papers ersa12p1014, European Regional Science Association.

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