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Risk Factors and Triggers That May Result in Patient-Initiated Violence on Inpatient Psychiatric Units: An Integrative Review

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  • Martin Salzmann-Erikson
  • Lilly Yifter

Abstract

The aim of the present integrative review is to identify and describe risk factors and triggers that may result in patient-initiated violence on inpatient psychiatric units. Original studies were searched for in PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. From the 826 identified publications, 18 were included for a synthesis. The results are presented in three themes, which demonstrate that patient characteristics, staff approach, and the ward environment are influencers that may trigger the emergence of violent incidents. Incidents are discussed from the theoretical framework of complexity science as dynamic, highly variable in manifestation, and adaptive, in that the forthcoming process and outcomes are highly dependent on how the surrounding environment responds. Our recommendation is that staff on inpatient wards recognize the myriad influencers that may trigger inpatient violence in a context of highly complex interactions.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Salzmann-Erikson & Lilly Yifter, 2020. "Risk Factors and Triggers That May Result in Patient-Initiated Violence on Inpatient Psychiatric Units: An Integrative Review," Clinical Nursing Research, , vol. 29(7), pages 504-520, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:clnure:v:29:y:2020:i:7:p:504-520
    DOI: 10.1177/1054773818823333
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hannigan, Ben & Coffey, Michael, 2011. "Where the wicked problems are: The case of mental health," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(3), pages 220-227, August.
    2. Laura Iozzino & Clarissa Ferrari & Matthew Large & Olav Nielssen & Giovanni de Girolamo, 2015. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Violence by Psychiatric Acute Inpatients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Niels Buus & Bente Hoeck & Bridget Elizabeth Hamilton, 2017. "Nurses’ shift reports: a systematic literature search and critical review of qualitative field studies," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(19-20), pages 2891-2906, October.
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