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Infrastructures publiques et financement privé : le paradoxe de la rentabilité financière

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  • Alain Bonnafous

Abstract

[fre] La rationalité de la décision d’investir est, en premier lieu rappelée, selon qu’elle relève de la sphère privée ou de la sphère publique, selon, par conséquent, qu’elle s’appuie sur une évaluation en termes de rentabilité financière ou en termes de rentabilité socio-économique. Un investissement réputé rentable du point de vue de la rationalité publique peut être confié, pour sa réalisation comme pour son exploitation, à un opérateur privé. En ce cas, la balance doit être faite entre les avantages qui peuvent être attendus de l’efficacité relative de l’entreprise privée et la contribution publique que requiert l’équilibre financier de l’opération. Un projet, qui a une rentabilité financière insuffisante pour être gagé sur les seules recettes futures, demande en effet un complément de financement public qui doit porter la rentabilité effective à un niveau acceptable pour l’opérateur. Or, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, les exigences de rentabilité effective, et donc la contribution publique requise, sont légitimement supérieures pour une entreprise privée qui n’est pas adossée à la ressource publique en cas d’échec. C’est parce que les choses ne sont pas nécessairement égales par ailleurs que l’opérateur privé peut, cependant, dégager un surplus social supérieur. Il reste que, sur la base d’une simulation financière d’un cas d’école, il est montré que le besoin de financement public est très sensible à de faibles écarts entre la rentabilité propre à l’opération et la rentabilité garantie à l’opérateur. Cela débouche sur ce « paradoxe de la rentabilité financière » qui nous suggère que le recours au secteur public est plus souhaitable lorsque cet écart est réduit, mais que l’opérateur privé peut être plus attractif pour des opérations de faible rentabilité. [eng] Public infrastructures and private financing : the paradox of financial profitability. The rationality of the decision to invest, is initially pointed out, according to whether it concerns the private sphere or the public sphere according to that it is based on an evaluation in terms of financial profitability or in terms of socio-economic profitability. One investment considered profitable from the viewpoint of public rationality, may be entrusted, for its realization as for its exploitation, to a private operator. In this case, the balance must be made between the advantages which can be obtained from the relative effectiveness of the private company and the public contribution required by the financial balance of the operation. A project, which has an insufficient financial profitability to be guaranteed on the only future receipts, asks an extra public financing which must carry effective profitability on an acceptable level for the operator. However, all equal things in addition, the requirements for effective profitability, and thus the public contribution required, are legitimately higher for a private company which is not leaned on public resources in the event of failure. It is because things are not necessarily equal in addition that the private operator can, however, release a higher social surplus. It remains that, on the basis of a financial simulation of an academic case, it is shown that the need for public financing is very sensitive to weak variations between profitability suitable for the operation and profitability guaranteed to the operator. That leads to this « financial profitability paradox » which suggests us that the recourse to the public sector is more suitable when this variation is reduced, but that the private operator can be attractive for operations of low profitability.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Bonnafous, 1999. "Infrastructures publiques et financement privé : le paradoxe de la rentabilité financière," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(1), pages 157-166.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1999_num_51_1_3375
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1999.3375
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1999.3375
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    Cited by:

    1. Anastasios Michailidis & Efstratios Loizou & Georgios Theodosiou, 2006. "Socioeconomic Evaluation and Ranking of Infrastructure Projects," ERSA conference papers ersa06p395, European Regional Science Association.
    2. Alain Bonnafous & Pablo Jensen & William Roy, 2006. "Le cofinancement usager - contribuable et le partenariat public-privé changent les termes de l'évaluation des programmes d'investissement public," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 0(4), pages 15-30.
    3. Alain Bonnafous, 2005. "Infrastructure Funding and Public-Private Partnerships," Post-Print halshs-00079768, HAL.
    4. Bruno Faivre d'Arcier, 2002. "Conditions et pertinence du financement des infrastructures autoroutières au niveau régional - Critères de priorités entre projets et intérêt du financement par Shadow Toll. Second rapport d'étape," Post-Print halshs-00115681, HAL.
    5. Alain Bonnafous & Pablo Jensen, 2005. "Ranking Transport Projects by their Socioeconomic Value or Financial Interest rate of return?," Post-Print halshs-00079721, HAL.
    6. Alain Bonnafous & Bruno Faivre d'Arcier, 2013. "The conditions of efficiency of a PPP for public finances," Post-Print halshs-00876446, HAL.
    7. Bonnafous, Alain & Jensen, Pablo, 2005. "Ranking transport projects by their socioeconomic value or financial internal rate of return?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 131-136, March.
    8. Alain Bonnafous, 2005. "L'évaluation des investissements dans un contexte de pauvreté - Conférence introductive," Post-Print halshs-00112271, HAL.

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