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Les effets favorables d'une baisse de la fiscalité des entreprises : une évaluation à partir de données individuelles

Author

Listed:
  • Michel Bua
  • Philippe Girard
  • François Legendre
  • Philippe Redondo

Abstract

[fre] Une politique d'offre qui abaisse le taux de l'impôt sur les sociétés vise à encourager l'investissement productif et à améliorer la compétitivité des entreprises. La quantification de ses effets est habituellement réalisée à l'aide de modèles macroéconomiques qui sont relativement mal adaptés à une telle utilisation. . L'exercice réalisé ici vise à prendre en compte la diversité des caractéristiques individuelles des entreprises : taille, combinaison des facteurs de production, structures de leurs comptes et de leur financement. La disponibilité de données de panels permet de mesurer soigneusement le "coût d'usage du capital" au niveau de chaque entreprise. . Une modélisation simple permet d'en tirer des résultats globaux, cohérents avec ceux des modèles macroéconomiques. En particulier, une baisse de l'impôt sur les sociétés entraîne à terme des effets favorables tant sur l'activité que sur l'emploi. Mais ce résultat global recouvre des réactions différentes au niveau individuel ; pour certaines entreprises, l'impact de la mesure serait même négatif en termes d'emploi. [eng] The Favorable Effects of a Drop in Corporate Tax: an Evaluation Based on Individual Data -A supply policy which lowers the corporate tax rate aims at encouraging productive investment and improving company competitiveness. The quantification of these effects is usually effected through macroeconomic models which are relatively poorly- adapted to such use. . The model presented in this article aims at taking into account the diversity of the individual characteristics of companies, such as their size, the combination of their factors of production, and the structures of their accounts and of their financing. The availability of such data makes it possible to measure carefully the user cost of capital for each company. . A simple modeling makes it possible to draw global results which concur with those of macroeconomic models. In particular, a drop in corporate tax has long term favorable effects on both employment and the activity of the company. But these global results conceal different individual reactions. For some companies, the impact of corporate tax cuts could even be negative in terms of employment. [spa] Los efectos favorables de una disminución de la fiscalidad en las empresas : una evaluación hecha a partir de datos individuales - Toda politica de oferta cuyo objetivo es disminuir la tasa de impuestos que pesa sobre las empresas, tiende a incitar la inversion productiva y a mejorar la competitividad de estas. La cuantificación de sus efectos se realiza, frecuentemente, mediante modelos macroeconômicos que no estân bien adaptados a tal utilización. . El ejercicio que se ha hecho aquf se propone tomar en cuenta la diversidad de las características individuales de las empresas : magnitud, combinación de factores, estructura de sus cuentas y de su financiamiento. La disponibilidad de datos de paneles permite medir con esmero el "costo de uso del capital" a nivel de cada empresa. . Una simple modelización posibilita la obtenciôn de resultados globales cohérentes con los de los modelos económicos. Una disminución del impuesto que recae sobre las empresas acarrea, en un cierto plazo, efectos favorables tanto para el empleo como para la actividad. No obstante, ese resultado global cubre reacciones diferentes a nivel individual ; para algunas empresas, el impacto de tal medida seria incluso negativo en términos de empleo.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Bua & Philippe Girard & François Legendre & Philippe Redondo, 1990. "Les effets favorables d'une baisse de la fiscalité des entreprises : une évaluation à partir de données individuelles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 229(1), pages 41-51.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_229_1_5419
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5419
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5419
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Auerbach, Alan J, 1983. "Taxation, Corporate Financial Policy and the Cost of Capital," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 21(3), pages 905-940, September.
    2. Brigitte Dormont, 1989. "Petite apologie des données de panel," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 87(1), pages 19-32.
    3. Patrick Artus & Claude Bismut, 1980. "Substitution et coût des facteurs : un lien existe-t-il ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 101-114.
    4. Hélène Thouluc, 1989. "La détermination de l'emploi dans sept grands pays de l'Ocdé," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 87(1), pages 61-65.
    5. Gilbert Cette & Daniel Szpiro, 1989. "Les entreprises françaises sont-elles bien dimensionnées ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 217(1), pages 83-94.
    6. Michel Bua & Philippe Girard & Philippe Redondo & François Legendre, 1991. "Financement, fiscalité et croissance des entreprises industrielles," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 98(2), pages 45-68.
    7. Mervyn A. King, 1974. "Taxation and the Cost of Capital," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 41(1), pages 21-35.
    8. Edmond Malinvaud, 1971. "Peut-on mesurer l'évolution du coût d'usage du capital productif ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 5-20.
    9. Alan J. Auerbach, 1979. "Wealth Maximization and the Cost of Capital," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 93(3), pages 433-446.
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    1. Pierre-Yves Letournel & Katheline Schubert & Philippe Trainar, 1992. "L'utilisation des modèles d'équilibre général calculables dans l'évaluation de la politique fiscale," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(4), pages 709-724.
    2. François Legendre, 1992. "La distribution des rendements d'échelle dans l'industrie. Une illustration à partir d'un panel de plus de 700 entreprises françaises," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 71-100.
    3. Katheline Schubert & Pierre-Yves Letournel, 1991. "Un modèle d'équilibre général appliqué à l'étude de la fiscalité française," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 98(2), pages 83-99.
    4. François Legendre & Patricia Le Maitre, 1997. "Le lien emploi-coût relatif des facteurs de production : quelques résultats obtenus à partir de données de panel," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 301(1), pages 111-127.

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