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Anxiety and associated factors among medical and surgical patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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  • Gidey Rtbey
  • Milen Mihertabe
  • Fantahun Andualem
  • Mamaru Melkam
  • Girmaw Medfu Takelle
  • Techilo Tinsae
  • Setegn Fentahun

Abstract

Background: Individuals diagnosed with chronic medical conditions and patients appointed to undergo surgery face various degrees of anxiety as a result of doubts related to the outcome of surgery, and the psycho-socioeconomic costs of the medical illness. This can affect the treatment process and even the outcome of patients with medical and surgical cases. Though different studies were conducted on anxiety and associated factors among medical and surgical patients in Ethiopia, the findings were found to be inconsistent and had a wide discrepancy. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled effect size of anxiety among this population and guides to plan appropriate intervention at a national level. Methods: Studies conducted on anxiety and associated factors among medical and surgical patients in Ethiopia were included. Data was extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA version 11. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of anxiety and its determinants with 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests were employed to check publication bias. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Results: The pooled prevalence of anxiety among medical and surgical patients in Ethiopia was found to be 48.82% with a 95% CI (42.66, 54.99). Being female[OR = 2.84(2.02, 4.01)], fear of death [OR = 2.93(1.57, 5.50)], and history of surgery[OR = 0.42(0.27, 0.065)], among surgical patients and being female[OR = 2.35(1.94, 2.850], having poor social support[OR = 2.22(1.62, 3.05)], perceived stigma[OR = 4.25(1.97, 9.18)] and family history of mental illness[OR = 1.86(1.21, 2.86)] among medical patients were significantly associated with anxiety in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion and recommendation: The pooled prevalence of anxiety among medical and surgical patients in Ethiopia was found to be high. Therefore, it would be good for professionals to screen patients for anxiety besides managing their medical or surgical cases to detect them early and address them.

Suggested Citation

  • Gidey Rtbey & Milen Mihertabe & Fantahun Andualem & Mamaru Melkam & Girmaw Medfu Takelle & Techilo Tinsae & Setegn Fentahun, 2024. "Anxiety and associated factors among medical and surgical patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(7), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0306413
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306413
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kalpana Sharma & Govinda Dhungana & Shailendra Adhikari & Archana Bista Pandey & Muna Sharma, 2021. "Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal," Nursing Research and Practice, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-8, January.
    2. Sue Duval & Richard Tweedie, 2000. "Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel-Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 56(2), pages 455-463, June.
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