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Feeling connected but dissimilar to one’s future self reduces the intention-behavior gap

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  • Benjamin Ganschow
  • Sven Zebel
  • Jean-Louis van Gelder
  • Liza J M Cornet

Abstract

The intention-behavior gap is a common phenomenon where people fail to follow through on their intentions to change their behavior and pursue their future goals. Previous research has shown that people are more likely to act in favor of their future selves when they feel similar/connected to their future self and can vividly describe them. This study compared an imagination exercise with an integrated imagination and exposure exercise using virtual reality (VR) to embody age-morphed future selves to an imagination only exercise. We expected that strengthening the similarity/connectedness and the vividness of the future self would reduce the intention-behavior gap, and exposure to the future self would have the greatest effect. Surprisingly, the results showed that strengthening connectedness reduced the intention-behavior gap, but strengthening similarity increased the gap. Additionally, the exercises were equally effective in reducing the intention-behavior gap. These findings suggest that both feeling connected to and recognizing dissimilarity to one’s future self play different roles in future-oriented behavior change.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Ganschow & Sven Zebel & Jean-Louis van Gelder & Liza J M Cornet, 2024. "Feeling connected but dissimilar to one’s future self reduces the intention-behavior gap," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(7), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0305815
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hershfield, Hal E. & Cohen, Taya R. & Thompson, Leigh, 2012. "Short horizons and tempting situations: Lack of continuity to our future selves leads to unethical decision making and behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 298-310.
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