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Inequalities in health-related quality of life and functional health of an aging population: A Canadian community perspective

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  • Sarah Singh
  • Shane Goodwin
  • Shiran Zhong
  • Abolfazl Avan
  • Kem Rogers
  • Vladimir Hachinski
  • Stephanie Frisbee

Abstract

Background: Reducing health inequalities among older adults is crucial to ensuring healthy aging is within reach for all. The current study provides a timely update on demographic- and geographic-related inequalities in healthy aging among older adults residing in Canadian communities. Methods: Data was extracted from the Canadian Health Survey on Seniors [2019–2020] for ~6 million adults aged 65 years and older residing in 10 provinces of Canada. Healthy aging was defined by two indices: 1] health-related quality of life and 2] functional health. Poisson regression models and spatial mapping were used to demonstrate inequalities among age, race, and sex categories, and health regions. Results: Approximately 90.3% of individuals reported less than perfect quality of life and 18.8% reported less than perfect functional health. The prevalence of less than perfect quality of life was higher for females [PR 1.14, 95% CI;1.02–1.29] and for older adults aged ≥80 years as compared to males and older adults aged ≤79 years [PR 1.66, 95% CI;1.49–1.85]. Similarly, the prevalence of less than perfect functional health was higher for females [PR 1.58, 95% CI;1.32–1.89] and for older adults aged ≥80 years [PR 2.71, 95% CI;2.59–2.84]. Spatial mapping showed that regions of lower quality of life were concentrated in the Prairies and Western Ontario, whereas regions of higher quality of life were concentrated in Quebec. Conclusions: Amongst older individuals residing in Canadian communities, less than perfect quality of life and functional health is unequally distributed among females, older adults aged ≥80 years, and those residing in the Prairie regions specifically. Newer policy should focus on interventions targeted at these subpopulations to ensure that healthy aging in within reach for all Canadians.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah Singh & Shane Goodwin & Shiran Zhong & Abolfazl Avan & Kem Rogers & Vladimir Hachinski & Stephanie Frisbee, 2024. "Inequalities in health-related quality of life and functional health of an aging population: A Canadian community perspective," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(7), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0304457
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304457
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hajizadeh, Mohammad & Mitnitski, Arnold & Rockwood, Kenneth, 2016. "Socioeconomic gradient in health in Canada: Is the gap widening or narrowing?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(9), pages 1040-1050.
    2. William J Furlong & David H. Feeny & George W. Torrance & Ronald D. Barr, 2001. "The Health Utilities Index (HUI®) System for Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Clinical Studies," Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Working Paper Series 2001-02, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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