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Identifying multilevel predictors of behavioral outcomes like park use: A comparison of conditional and marginal modeling approaches

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  • Marilyn E Wende
  • S Morgan Hughey
  • Alexander C McLain
  • Shirelle Hallum
  • J Aaron Hipp
  • Jasper Schipperijn
  • Ellen W Stowe
  • Andrew T Kaczynski

Abstract

This study compared marginal and conditional modeling approaches for identifying individual, park and neighborhood park use predictors. Data were derived from the ParkIndex study, which occurred in 128 block groups in Brooklyn (New York), Seattle (Washington), Raleigh (North Carolina), and Greenville (South Carolina). Survey respondents (n = 320) indicated parks within one half-mile of their block group used within the past month. Parks (n = 263) were audited using the Community Park Audit Tool. Measures were collected at the individual (park visitation, physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics), park (distance, quality, size), and block group (park count, population density, age structure, racial composition, walkability) levels. Generalized linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations were used. Ten-fold cross validation compared predictive performance of models. Conditional and marginal models identified common park use predictors: participant race, participant education, distance to parks, park quality, and population >65yrs. Additionally, the conditional mode identified park size as a park use predictor. The conditional model exhibited superior predictive value compared to the marginal model, and they exhibited similar generalizability. Future research should consider conditional and marginal approaches for analyzing health behavior data and employ cross-validation techniques to identify instances where marginal models display superior or comparable performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Marilyn E Wende & S Morgan Hughey & Alexander C McLain & Shirelle Hallum & J Aaron Hipp & Jasper Schipperijn & Ellen W Stowe & Andrew T Kaczynski, 2024. "Identifying multilevel predictors of behavioral outcomes like park use: A comparison of conditional and marginal modeling approaches," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(4), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0301549
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301549
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    2. Zoe M Volenec & Joel O Abraham & Alexander D Becker & Andy P Dobson, 2021. "Public parks and the pandemic: How park usage has been affected by COVID-19 policies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Schneider, Robert James, 2013. "Measuring transportation at a human scale: An intercept survey approach to capture pedestrian activity," The Journal of Transport and Land Use, Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, vol. 6(3), pages 43-59.
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