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Factors and consequences associated with intimate partner violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

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  • Lakma Gunarathne
  • Jahar Bhowmik
  • Pragalathan Apputhurai
  • Maja Nedeljkovic

Abstract

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global public health issue, with notably high prevalence rates observed within Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This systematic review aimed to examine the risk factors and consequences associated with IPV against women in LMICs. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using three databases: Web of Science, ProQuest Central, and Scopus, covering the period from January 2010 to January 2022. The study included only peer-reviewed journal articles in English that investigated IPV against women in LMICs. Out of 167 articles screened, 30 met the inclusion criteria, comprising both quantitative and mixed-method studies. Risk factors of IPV were categorised as: demographic risk factors (23 studies), family risk factors (9 studies), community-level factors (1 studies), and behavioural risk factors (14 studies), while consequences of IPV were categorised as mental health impacts (13 studies), physical impacts (5 studies), and societal impacts (4 studies). In this study, several risk factors were identified including lower levels of education, marriage at a young age, poor wealth indices, rural residential areas, and acceptance of gender norms that contribute to the prevalence of IPV in LMICs. It is essential to address these factors through effective preventive policies and programs. Moreover, this review highlights the necessity of large-scale, high-quality policy-driven research to further examine risk factors and consequences, ultimately guiding the development of interventions aimed at preventing IPV against women in LMICs.

Suggested Citation

  • Lakma Gunarathne & Jahar Bhowmik & Pragalathan Apputhurai & Maja Nedeljkovic, 2023. "Factors and consequences associated with intimate partner violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(11), pages 1-23, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0293295
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293295
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Heise, Lori & Kotsadam, Andreas, 2015. "Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: an analysis of data from population-based surveys," MPRA Paper 123379, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Joseph Svec & Tanja Andic, 2018. "Cooperative Decision†Making and Intimate Partner Violence in Peru," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 44(1), pages 63-85, March.
    3. Jahar Bhowmik & Raaj Kishore Biswas, 2022. "Married Women’s Attitude toward Intimate Partner Violence Is Influenced by Exposure to Media: A Population-Based Spatial Study in Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-15, March.
    4. Sarah R Meyer & Molly E Lasater & Claudia García-Moreno, 2020. "Violence against older women: A systematic review of qualitative literature," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-43, September.
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