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Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

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  • Jongeun Rhee
  • Rockli Kim
  • Yongjoo Kim
  • Melanie Tam
  • Yizhen Lai
  • NaNa Keum
  • Catherine Elizabeth Oldenburg

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have shown inconsistent conclusions about the effect of caffeine intake during pregnancy on the risk of low birth weight (LBW). We performed a meta-analysis and linear-dose response analysis examining the association between caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of LBW. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles published up to March 2014. Eight cohort and four case-control studies met all inclusion criteria. Using a random-effects model of the twelve studies, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for the risk of LBW comparing the highest versus lowest level of caffeine intake during pregnancy was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.73). Linear dose-response analysis showed that every additional 100 mg of caffeine intake (1 cup of coffee or 2 cups of tea) per day during pregnancy was associated with a 3.0% increase in OR for LBW. There was a moderate level of overall heterogeneity with an I-squared value of 55% (95% CI: 13, 76%), and no evidence of publication bias based on Egger’s test (P = 0.20) and the funnel plot. Thus, high caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in the risk of LBW, and this risk appears to increase linearly as caffeine intake increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Jongeun Rhee & Rockli Kim & Yongjoo Kim & Melanie Tam & Yizhen Lai & NaNa Keum & Catherine Elizabeth Oldenburg, 2015. "Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0132334
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132334
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McDonald, A.D. & Armstrong, B.G. & Sloan, M., 1992. "Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and prematurity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(1), pages 87-90.
    2. Caan, B.J. & Goldhaber, M.K., 1989. "Caffeinated beverages and low birthweight: A case-control study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 79(9), pages 1299-1300.
    3. Fenster, L. & Eskenazi, B. & Windham, G.C. & Swan, S.H., 1991. "Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and fetal growth," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 81(4), pages 458-461.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Xin & Wang, Yixuan & Chen, Xi & Zhang, Xun, 2019. "Prenatal Sunshine Exposure and Birth Outcomes in China," IZA Discussion Papers 12877, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Anja Oechsle & Michel Wensing & Charlotte Ullrich & Manuela Bombana, 2020. "Health Knowledge of Lifestyle-Related Risks during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pregnant Women in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-18, November.

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