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Time Poverty, Work Status and Gender: The Case of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Najam Us Saqib

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad)

  • G. M. Arif

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad)

Abstract

The present study measures time poverty and its incidence across gender, occupational groups, industries, regions, and income levels using Time Use Survey (TUS) 2007, the first nationwide time use survey for Pakistan. In the entire TUS sample, the incidence of time poverty is 14 percent. Women are found to be more time poor than men whether employed or not. This is because of certain women-specific activities that they have to perform irrespective of their employment status. Working women are far more time poor than those not working.. Women accepting a job have to make a major trade-off between time poverty and monetary poverty. People working in professions and industries that generally require extended work hours and offer low wage rates are more time poor. This entails a situation of double jeopardy for workers who tend to be money and time poor at the same time. The close association of time poverty with low income found in this study corroborates this conclusion. Government can help reduce time poverty by enforcing minimum wage laws and mandatory ceiling on work hours in industries with high concentration of time poverty. Eradication of monetary poverty can also eliminate the need to work long hours at low wages just to survive. A fair distribution of responsibilities between men and women.is also needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Najam Us Saqib & G. M. Arif, 2012. "Time Poverty, Work Status and Gender: The Case of Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 51(1), pages 23-46.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:51:y:2012:i:1:p:23-46
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    Cited by:

    1. Tariq Mahmood & Najam us Saqib & Muhammad Ali Qasim, 2017. "Parental Effects on Primary School Enrolment under Different Types of Household Headship: Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 56(3), pages 249-264.
    2. Majid, H. & Siegmann, K.A., 2017. "Has growth been good for women’s employment in Pakistan?," ISS Working Papers - General Series 630, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam (ISS), The Hague.
    3. Yoonyoung Cho & Zaineb Majoka, 2020. "Pakistan Jobs Diagnostic," World Bank Publications - Reports 33317, The World Bank Group.
    4. Hina Amber & Bezawit Beyene Chichaibelu, 2023. "Patterns and Causes of Female Labor Force Participation: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis for Pakistan," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(2), pages 1-31, April.
    5. Fatemeh Torabi & Kazem Saravani & Fatemeh Sadat Khodaparast & Hossein Kheradmand-Saadi, 2025. "The Prevalence and Intensity of Time Poverty in Urban Areas of Iran," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 177(1), pages 293-312, March.
    6. Zehra Aftab, 2020. "Gender Socialisation among Pakistani Preadolescents and Adolescents," PIDE-Working Papers 2020:18, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    7. Sukhpreet Kaur Jaggi & Deepa Jitendra Gupta, 2023. "The Profound Influence of Time Poverty on Women’s Work–Life Conflict," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 66(4), pages 1081-1096, December.
    8. Nazier, Hanan & Ezzat, Asmaa, 2022. "Gender differences and time allocation: A comparative analysis of Egypt and Tunisia," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 174-193.
    9. Asmaa Ezzat & Hanan Nazier, 2019. "Time poverty in Egypt and Tunisia: is there a gender gap?," International Journal of Development Issues, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 18(3), pages 261-289, August.

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