Zero-day and zero-click attacks on digital banking: a comprehensive review of double trouble

The media has consistently covered the far-reaching consequences of Zero-Click and Zero-Day attacks on digital banking, which have resulted in widespread disruption. Despite this, there is a noticeable lack of scientific research conducted on this subject. This review aims to provide a modest yet significant contribution to understanding Zero-Click and Zero-Day attacks on digital banking. To achieve this objective, this study employs a comprehensive methodology that incorporates a multitude of scholarly sources. These include articles, review articles, books, and whitepapers published up until 2023. The aim is to develop a theoretical framework for preventing zero-click attacks with zero-day vulnerabilities. The research findings suggest that the combination of a zero-click attack, and zero-day vulnerabilities poses a significant challenge for banks in detecting such attacks. This, in turn, increases the hacker’s chances of success. Based on the literature review, this study has formulated a framework with the potential to minimize the likelihood of zero-click and zero-day attacks on digital transactions. The uniqueness of this review paper lies in its in-depth analysis of scholarly sources and the development of a theoretical framework to prevent Zero-Click and Zero-Day attacks on digital banking. The potential implementation of this framework could significantly improve the security of digital transactions by reducing the probability of these types of attacks.