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An Intermediation-Based Model of Exchange Rates

Author

Listed:
  • Semyon Malamud
  • Andreas Schrimpf
  • Yuan Zhang

Abstract

We develop a continuous-time general equilibrium model with intermediaries at the heart of international financial markets. Global intermediaries bargain with households and extract rents from providing access to foreign claims. By tilting state prices, intermediaries’ market power breaks monetary neutrality and makes international risk-sharing inefficient. Despite having zero net positions, markups charged by intermediaries significantly distort international asset prices, affecting exchange rate dynamics and their response to shocks. Our model can reproduce patterns consistent with several well-known exchange rate puzzles, such as deviations from uncovered and covered interest parity. All equilibrium quantities are derived in closed form, allowing us to pin down the underlying economic mechanisms explicitly.

Suggested Citation

  • Semyon Malamud & Andreas Schrimpf & Yuan Zhang, 2025. "An Intermediation-Based Model of Exchange Rates," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 38(8), pages 2386-2433.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:38:y:2025:i:8:p:2386-2433.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhaf037
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    2. Bazán-Palomino, Walter & Ortiz, Marco & Terrones, Marco E. & Winkelried, Diego, 2025. "The role of US bank liquidity and regulations in Covered Interest Parity deviations," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    3. Aldasoro, Iñaki & Ehlers, Torsten & Eren, Egemen, 2022. "Global banks, dollar funding, and regulation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    4. Stefan Reitz & Dennis Umlandt, 2019. "Foreign Exchange Dealer Asset Pricing," Working Paper Series 2019-08, University of Trier, Research Group Quantitative Finance and Risk Analysis.
    5. Jonathan Kearns & Andreas Schrimpf & Fan Dora Xia, 2023. "Explaining Monetary Spillovers: The Matrix Reloaded," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 55(6), pages 1535-1568, September.
    6. Jiang, Zhengyang, 2021. "US Fiscal cycle and the dollar," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 91-106.
    7. Guo, Junjie & Li, Xuelian & Zhang, Weiran & Li, Youshu, 2024. "Monetary policy spillovers among five systemic economies: Evidence from the time and frequency domains," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    8. Reitz, Stefan & Umlandt, Dennis, 2021. "Currency returns and FX dealer balance sheets," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    9. Jonas Becker & Maik Schmeling & Andreas Schrimpf, 2024. "Global Bank Lending and Exchange Rates," BIS Working Papers 1161, Bank for International Settlements.
    10. Hou, Ai Jun & Khrashchevskyi, Ian & Suardi, Sandy & Xu, Caihong, 2024. "Spillover effects of monetary policy and information shocks," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PA).

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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