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Heterogeneity in Target Date Funds: Strategic Risk-taking or Risk Matching?

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  • Pierluigi Balduzzi
  • Jonathan Reuter

Abstract

The use of target date funds (TDFs) as default options in 401(k) plans increased sharply following the Pension Protection Act of 2006. We document large differences in the realized returns and ex ante risk profiles of TDFs with similar target retirement dates. Analyzing fund-level data, we find evidence that this heterogeneity reflects strategic risk-taking by families with low market share, especially those entering the TDF market after 2006. Analyzing plan-level data, we find little evidence that 401(k) plan sponsors consider, to any economically meaningful degree, the risk profiles of their firms when choosing among TDFs. Received June 13, 2013; editorial decision March 20, 2018 by Editor Laura Starks. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierluigi Balduzzi & Jonathan Reuter, 2019. "Heterogeneity in Target Date Funds: Strategic Risk-taking or Risk Matching?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(1), pages 300-337.
  • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:32:y:2019:i:1:p:300-337.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhy054
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    Cited by:

    1. Francisco Gomes & Michael Haliassos & Tarun Ramadorai, 2021. "Household Finance," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 59(3), pages 919-1000, September.
    2. Mao, Mike Qinghao & Wong, Ching Hin, 2022. "Managerial commitment and heterogeneity in target-date funds," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-19.
    3. Chalmers, John & Reuter, Jonathan, 2020. "Is conflicted investment advice better than no advice?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(2), pages 366-387.
    4. Mitchell, Olivia S. & Utkus, Stephen P., 2022. "Target-date funds and portfolio choice in 401(k) plans," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(4), pages 519-536, October.
    5. Mao, Mike Qinghao & Wong, Ching Hin, 2022. "Why have target-date funds performed better in the COVID-19 selloff than the 2008 selloff?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. David Blanchett & Michael S. Finke & Jonathan Reuter, 2020. "Portfolio Delegation and 401(k) Plan Participant Responses to COVID-19," NBER Working Papers 27438, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Xin Li & Qiong Xu & Fei Guo & Hecheng Wang, 2023. "State‐owned equity participation and private sector enterprises' strategic risk taking: Evidence from China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(2), pages 1107-1124, March.

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