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One for all and all for one: phenotype assortment and reproductive success in masculinized females

Author

Listed:
  • Loreto A Correa
  • Cecilia León
  • Juan Ramírez-Estrada
  • Álvaro Ly-Prieto
  • Sebastián Abades
  • Loren D Hayes
  • Mauricio Soto-Gamboa
  • Luis A Ebensperger

Abstract

Homophily by morphological and behavioral traits has been described in several species of vertebrates, but its functional consequences remain poorly studied. Homophily by plurally breeding females may improve direct fitness by enhancing reproductive success. Female mammals may exhibit phenotypical masculinization due to exposure to androgens during early development, a condition that is associated with maternal performance during subsequent breeding. Our goal was to assess whether female composition (in terms of masculinization) of plurally breeding groups influences female fitness in a natural population of degus (Octodon degus). We assessed if plurally breeding female degus assort themselves by anogenital distance (AGD), an accurate measure of masculinization level. We also quantified if homophily by AGD phenotype affects female reproductive success and the reproductive output of the group. Plurally breeding groups typically included similarly masculinized (i.e., long AGD) females or similarly feminized (short AGD) females, indicating a strong degree of homophily. Females weaned more offspring in plurally breeding groups with more masculinized females. Additionally, standardized variance in the number of offspring weaned decreased in plurally breeding groups with mostly masculinized females, indicating greater reproductive equality in these groups. We conclude that female degus organize into homophilic social groups of similar AGD, and that social groups of masculinized females exhibit a higher reproductive success.

Suggested Citation

  • Loreto A Correa & Cecilia León & Juan Ramírez-Estrada & Álvaro Ly-Prieto & Sebastián Abades & Loren D Hayes & Mauricio Soto-Gamboa & Luis A Ebensperger, 2021. "One for all and all for one: phenotype assortment and reproductive success in masculinized females," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 32(6), pages 1266-1275.
  • Handle: RePEc:oup:beheco:v:32:y:2021:i:6:p:1266-1275.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bates, Douglas & Mächler, Martin & Bolker, Ben & Walker, Steve, 2015. "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(i01).
    2. Loreto A Correa & Cecilia León & Juan Ramírez-Estrada & à lvaro Ly-Prieto & Sebastián Abades & Loren D Hayes & Mauricio Soto-Gamboa & Luis A Ebensperger, 2018. "Highly masculinized and younger males attain higher reproductive success in a social rodent," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 29(3), pages 628-636.
    3. S. C. Barry & S. P. Brooks & E. A. Catchpole & B. J. T. Morgan, 2003. "The Analysis of Ring-Recovery Data Using Random Effects," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 59(1), pages 54-65, March.
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