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150 Years of Patent Office Practice

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  • Josh Lerner

Abstract

This article examines the administrative practices of the patent offices in 60 countries over a 150-year period, a little explored arena where government bodies and private firms interact. Larger and wealthier countries where international trade is more important give patent applicants more options. In these nations, patent office administrators' flexibility is often restricted and the responsibility for determining patentability divided between the patent office and the courts. Civil law nations tend to rely solely on the courts to determine patent validity and restrict the discretion of patent office administrators. They also tend to offer patent applicants more options. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Josh Lerner, 2005. "150 Years of Patent Office Practice," American Law and Economics Review, American Law and Economics Association, vol. 7(1), pages 112-143.
  • Handle: RePEc:oup:amlawe:v:7:y:2005:i:1:p:112-143
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/aler/ahi001
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    Cited by:

    1. Samaniego, Roberto M., 2013. "Knowledge spillovers and intellectual property rights," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 50-63.
    2. Chen, Qiang, 2008. "The effect of patent laws on invention rates: Evidence from cross-country panels," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 694-704, December.
    3. Allen, Franklin & Qian, Jun & Zhang, Chenying, 2011. "An Alternative View on Law, Institutions, Finance and Growth," Working Papers 11-64, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center.
    4. Alfons Palangkaraya & Paul H. Jensen & Elizabeth Webster, 2005. "Determinants of International Patent Examination Outcomes," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2005n06, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    5. Allen, Franklin & Qian, Jun & Qian, Meijun, 2018. "A Review of China’s Institutions," CEPR Discussion Papers 13269, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Nilsen, Øivind A. & Raknerud, Arvid, 2024. "Dynamics of first-time patenting firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(8).
    7. Shiyuan Pan & Heng-fu Zou & Tailong Li, 2010. "Patent Protection, Technological Change and Wage Inequality," CEMA Working Papers 437, China Economics and Management Academy, Central University of Finance and Economics.
    8. Barros, Henrique M., 2021. "Neither at the cutting edge nor in a patent-friendly environment: Appropriating the returns from innovation in a less developed economy," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(1).
    9. Rockett, Katharine, 2010. "Property Rights and Invention," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 315-380, Elsevier.
    10. Marc-Hubert Depret & Abdelillah Hamdouch, 2006. "Droits de propriété intellectuelle, règles du commerce international et accès aux médicaments dans les pays en développement," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-00279582, HAL.
    11. Saiz, Patricio & Amengual, Rafael, 2016. "Knowledge Disclosure, Patent Management, and the Four-Stroke Engine Business," Working Papers in Economic History 2016/02, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), Department of Economic Analysis (Economic Theory and Economic History).
    12. Iain M. Cockburn & Samuel Kortum & Scott Stern, 2002. "Are All Patent Examiners Equal? The Impact of Examiner Characteristics," NBER Working Papers 8980, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Barbosa, Sergio & Sáiz, Patricio & Zofío, José L., 2024. "The emergence and historical evolution of innovation networks: On the factors promoting and hampering patent collaboration in technological lagging economies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(5).
    14. Yi Qian, 2010. "Are National Patent Laws the Blossoming Rain?," NBER Working Papers 16295, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Benson, Christopher L. & Magee, Christopher L., 2014. "On improvement rates for renewable energy technologies: Solar PV, wind turbines, capacitors, and batteries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 745-751.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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