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Dynamic Adjustment in the U.S. Dairy Industry

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  • Wayne H. Howard
  • C. Richard Shumway

Abstract

A dual model is used to examine the dynamic structure of the U.S. dairy industry. Properties implied by the theory of the competitive firm and independent adjustment of two quasi-fixed inputs, labor and herd size, are tested and not rejected. Instantaneous adjustment, however, is soundly rejected for each quasi-fixed input. Input adjustment to optimal levels is estimated to take about two years for labor and ten for cows. Quality adjustments of the labor and cow series do not fully embody the technological change that has occurred in this industry over the study period.

Suggested Citation

  • Wayne H. Howard & C. Richard Shumway, 1988. "Dynamic Adjustment in the U.S. Dairy Industry," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 70(4), pages 837-847.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:70:y:1988:i:4:p:837-847.
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    Cited by:

    1. Matteo Manera, 2006. "Modelling factor demands with SEM and VAR: an empirical comparison," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 121-146, October.
    2. Buhr, Brian L. & Kim, Hanho, 1997. "Dynamic adjustment in the US beef market with imports," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 17(1), pages 21-34, October.
    3. D. Verreth & G. Emvalomatis & F. Bunte & A. Oude Lansink, 2015. "Dynamic and Static Behaviour with Respect to Energy Use and Investment of Dutch Greenhouse Firms," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 61(4), pages 595-614, August.
    4. Davison, Cecil W. & Arnade, Carlos Anthony & Hallahan, Charles B., 1989. "Box-Cox Estimation of U.S. Soybean Exports," Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 41(3), pages 1-9.
    5. Morrison, Catherine J., 1997. "Economic performance, cost economies and pricing behaviour in the US and Australian meat products industries," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 41(3), pages 1-23.
    6. Rungsuriyawiboon, Supawat & Zhang, Yanjie, 2018. "Examining the economic performance of Chinese farms: A dynamic efficiency and adjustment cost approach," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 74-87.
    7. D’Antoni, Jeremy M. & Mishra, Ashok K. & Blayney, Donald, 2013. "Assessing participation in the Milk Income Loss Contract program and its impact on milk production," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 243-254.
    8. Agbola, Frank W. & Harrison, Stephen R., 2005. "Empirical investigation of investment behaviour in Australia's pastoral region," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 49(01), pages 1-16.
    9. Gardebroek, Cornelis & Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M., 2008. "Dynamic Microeconometric Approaches To Analysing Agricultural Policy," 107th Seminar, January 30-February 1, 2008, Sevilla, Spain 6592, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    10. Meilke, Karl D. & Sarker, Rakhal & Le Roy, Danny G., 1996. "Analyzing The Potential For Increased Trade In Dairy Products: A Canadian Perspective," Proceedings of the 2nd Agricultural and Food Policy Systems Information Workshop, 1996: Understanding Canada\United States Dairy Disputes 16959, Farm Foundation, Agricultural and Food Policy Systems Information Workshops.
    11. Kivanda, Lena & Fox, Glenn, "undated". "Falsification and the Practice of Agricultural Production Economists: A Methodological Assessment," Department of Agricultural Economics and Business 258724, University of Guelph.
    12. Templeton, Deborah J. & Griffith, Garry R. & Piggott, Roley R. & O'Donnell, Christopher J., 2004. "Measuring the Impact of Staple Strength-Enhancing Technologies on Australian Wool Producer Profits: A Duality-Based Approach," Working Papers 12922, University of New England, School of Economics.
    13. Lin, Ni & Shumway, C. Richard, 2000. "Asset Fixity In U.S. Agriculture: Robustness To Functional Form," Ag Econ Series 12967, Washington State University, School of Economic Sciences.
    14. Meilke, K.D. & Weersink, A., 1991. "An Analysis of the Effects of Government Payments to Grain and Oilseeds Producers on Cropping Decisions," Papers 9-91, Gouvernement du Canada - Agriculture Canada.
    15. Agbola, Frank W., 2005. "Optimal intertemporal investment in Australian agriculture: An empirical investigation," Agricultural Economics Review, Greek Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 6(2), pages 1-11.
    16. Graham, J. D. & Stennes, B. & MacGregor, R. J. & Meilke, Karl D. & Moschini, GianCarlo, 1990. "Effects of Trade Liberalization on the Canadian Dairy and Poultry Sectors, The," Staff General Research Papers Archive 12754, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    17. Sansi Yang & C. Richard Shumway, 2014. "Dynamic Adjustment in U.S. Agriculture under Climate Uncertainty," 2014 Papers pya413, Job Market Papers.
    18. Agbola, Frank W., 1999. "The Structure of Production and Investment in Australia's Pastoral Zone," 1999 Conference (43th), January 20-22, 1999, Christchurch, New Zealand 122327, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.

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