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Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics

Author

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  • Sisi Wang

    (Westlake University)

  • Shaochen Zhang

    (Westlake University
    Zhejiang University)

  • Xiaohuo Shi

    (Westlake University)

  • Canglang Yao

    (Fudan University)

  • Donger Jin

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Danyu Gu

    (Westlake University)

  • Yinjuan Chen

    (Westlake University)

  • Jiazhe Xu

    (Westlake University
    Zhejiang University)

  • Jingjing Xue

    (Zhejiang University
    Shangyu Institute of Semiconductor Materials)

  • Rui Wang

    (Westlake University
    Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd
    Westlake University)

Abstract

Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are usually achieved using organic spiro-OMeTAD. However, conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants (LiTFSI and tBP) leads to compromised device stability. We introduce a synergistic mixed doping strategy that utilizes a combination of metal-TFSI dopants—LiTFSI, KTFSI, NaTFSI, Ca(TFSI)2, and Mg(TFSI)2—to enhance doping efficiency while effectively removing hygroscopic contaminants from the Spiro-OMeTAD solution. This approach achieves PCEs exceeding 25% and significantly improves stability under harsh environmental conditions. Notably, Ca(TFSI)2 and Mg(TFSI)2 facilitate enhanced oxidative doping, while NaTFSI promotes interstitial doping in the bulk perovskite. Additionally, KTFSI serves as a catalytic agent, lowering the reaction energy barrier for the other dopants, thereby accelerating spiro-OMeTAD ion radical production. These findings underscore the potential of synergistic doping in optimizing the performance and longevity of photovoltaic devices.

Suggested Citation

  • Sisi Wang & Shaochen Zhang & Xiaohuo Shi & Canglang Yao & Donger Jin & Danyu Gu & Yinjuan Chen & Jiazhe Xu & Jingjing Xue & Rui Wang, 2025. "Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-59350-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59350-9
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