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Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides

Author

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  • Jaewang Park

    (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Jongbeom Kim

    (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Hyun-Sung Yun

    (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Min Jae Paik

    (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Eunseo Noh

    (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Hyun Jung Mun

    (Chonnam National University)

  • Min Gyu Kim

    (Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH))

  • Tae Joo Shin

    (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Sang Il Seok

    (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

Abstract

Controlling the crystallinity and surface morphology of perovskite layers by methods such as solvent engineering1,2 and methylammonium chloride addition3–7 is an effective strategy for achieving high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. In particular, it is essential to deposit α-formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite thin films with few defects due to their excellent crystallinity and large grain size. Here we report the controlled crystallization of perovskite thin films with the combination of alkylammonium chlorides (RACl) added to FAPbI3. The δ-phase to α-phase transition of FAPbI3 and the crystallization process and surface morphology of the perovskite thin films coated with RACl under various conditions were investigated through in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. RACl added to the precursor solution was believed to be easily volatilized during coating and annealing owing to dissociation into RA0 and HCl with deprotonation of RA+ induced by RA⋯H+-Cl− binding to PbI2 in FAPbI3. Thus, the type and amount of RACl determined the δ-phase to α-phase transition rate, crystallinity, preferred orientation and surface morphology of the final α-FAPbI3. The resulting perovskite thin layers facilitated the fabrication of perovskite solar cells with a power-conversion efficiency of 26.08% (certified 25.73%) under standard illumination.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaewang Park & Jongbeom Kim & Hyun-Sung Yun & Min Jae Paik & Eunseo Noh & Hyun Jung Mun & Min Gyu Kim & Tae Joo Shin & Sang Il Seok, 2023. "Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides," Nature, Nature, vol. 616(7958), pages 724-730, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:616:y:2023:i:7958:d:10.1038_s41586-023-05825-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05825-y
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    Cited by:

    1. Francisca Werlinger & Camilo Segura & Javier Martínez & Igor Osorio-Roman & Danilo Jara & Seog Joon Yoon & Andrés Fabián Gualdrón-Reyes, 2023. "Current Progress of Efficient Active Layers for Organic, Chalcogenide and Perovskite-Based Solar Cells: A Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-35, August.
    2. Pengju Shi & Jiazhe Xu & Ilhan Yavuz & Tianyi Huang & Shaun Tan & Ke Zhao & Xu Zhang & Yuan Tian & Sisi Wang & Wei Fan & Yahui Li & Donger Jin & Xuemeng Yu & Chenyue Wang & Xingyu Gao & Zhong Chen & E, 2024. "Strain regulates the photovoltaic performance of thick-film perovskites," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Jiangang Feng & Xi Wang & Jia Li & Haoming Liang & Wen Wen & Ezra Alvianto & Cheng-Wei Qiu & Rui Su & Yi Hou, 2023. "Resonant perovskite solar cells with extended band edge," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Jin Zhou & Shiqiang Fu & Shun Zhou & Lishuai Huang & Cheng Wang & Hongling Guan & Dexin Pu & Hongsen Cui & Chen Wang & Ti Wang & Weiwei Meng & Guojia Fang & Weijun Ke, 2024. "Mixed tin-lead perovskites with balanced crystallization and oxidation barrier for all-perovskite tandem solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Weilun Li & Mengmeng Hao & Ardeshir Baktash & Lianzhou Wang & Joanne Etheridge, 2023. "The role of ion migration, octahedral tilt, and the A-site cation on the instability of Cs1-xFAxPbI3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Yongjin Gan & Guixin Qiu & Chenqing Yan & Zhaoxiang Zeng & Binyi Qin & Xueguang Bi & Yucheng Liu, 2023. "Numerical Analysis on the Effect of the Conduction Band Offset in Dion–Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Junsheng Luo & Bowen Liu & Haomiao Yin & Xin Zhou & Mingjian Wu & Hongyang Shi & Jiyun Zhang & Jack Elia & Kaicheng Zhang & Jianchang Wu & Zhiqiang Xie & Chao Liu & Junyu Yuan & Zhongquan Wan & Thomas, 2024. "Polymer-acid-metal quasi-ohmic contact for stable perovskite solar cells beyond a 20,000-hour extrapolated lifetime," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    8. Tian Chen & Jiangsheng Xie & Bin Wen & Qixin Yin & Ruohao Lin & Shengcai Zhu & Pingqi Gao, 2023. "Inhibition of defect-induced α-to-δ phase transition for efficient and stable formamidinium perovskite solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    9. Yuhang Liang & Feng Li & Xiangyuan Cui & Taoyuze Lv & Catherine Stampfl & Simon P. Ringer & Xudong Yang & Jun Huang & Rongkun Zheng, 2024. "Toward stabilization of formamidinium lead iodide perovskites by defect control and composition engineering," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    10. Chun-Yang Chen & Fang-Hui Zhang & Jin Huang & Tao Xue & Xiao Wang & Chao-Fan Zheng & Hao Wang & Chun-Liang Jia, 2023. "Polymer Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Additive for High-Stability All-Inorganic CsPbI 3−x Br x Perovskite Solar Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-12, November.

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