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An updated floristic map of the world

Author

Listed:
  • Yunpeng Liu

    (Peking University
    University of Copenhagen)

  • Xiaoting Xu

    (Peking University
    Sichuan University)

  • Dimitar Dimitrov

    (University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen)

  • Loic Pellissier

    (ETH Zurich
    Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL)

  • Michael K. Borregaard

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Nawal Shrestha

    (Peking University
    Lanzhou University)

  • Xiangyan Su

    (Peking University
    Ministry of Natural Resources)

  • Ao Luo

    (Peking University)

  • Niklaus E. Zimmermann

    (Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL)

  • Carsten Rahbek

    (Peking University
    University of Copenhagen
    University of Copenhagen
    University of Southern Denmark)

  • Zhiheng Wang

    (Peking University)

Abstract

Floristic regions reflect the geographic organization of floras and provide essential tools for biological studies. Previous global floristic regions are generally based on floristic endemism, lacking a phylogenetic consideration that captures floristic evolution. Moreover, the contribution of tectonic dynamics and historical and current climate to the division of floristic regions remains unknown. Here, by integrating global distributions and a phylogeny of 12,664 angiosperm genera, we update global floristic regions and explore their temporal changes. Eight floristic realms and 16 nested sub-realms are identified. The previously-defined Holarctic, Neotropical and Australian realms are recognized, but Paleotropical, Antarctic and Cape realms are not. Most realms have formed since Paleogene. Geographic isolation induced by plate tectonics dominates the formation of floristic realms, while current/historical climate has little contribution. Our study demonstrates the necessity of integrating distributions and phylogenies in regionalizing floristic realms and the interplay of macroevolutionary and paleogeographic processes in shaping regional floras.

Suggested Citation

  • Yunpeng Liu & Xiaoting Xu & Dimitar Dimitrov & Loic Pellissier & Michael K. Borregaard & Nawal Shrestha & Xiangyan Su & Ao Luo & Niklaus E. Zimmermann & Carsten Rahbek & Zhiheng Wang, 2023. "An updated floristic map of the world," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38375-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38375-y
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