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Differential Privacy and the Accuracy of County-Level Net Migration Estimates

Author

Listed:
  • Richelle L. Winkler

    (Michigan Technological University)

  • Jaclyn L. Butler

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Katherine J. Curtis

    (University of Wisconsin)

  • David Egan-Robertson

    (University of Wisconsin)

Abstract

Each decade since the 1950s, demographers have generated high-quality net migration estimates by age, sex, and race for US counties using decennial census data as starting and ending populations. The estimates have been downloaded tens of thousands of times and widely used for planning, diverse applications, and research. Census 2020 should allow the series to extend through the 2010–2020 decade. The accuracy of new estimates, however, could be challenged by differentially private (DP) disclosure avoidance techniques in Census 2020 data products. This research brief estimates the impact of DP implementation on the accuracy of county-level net migration estimates. Using differentially private Census 2010 demonstration data, we construct a hypothetical set of DP migration estimates for 2000–2010 and compare them to published estimates, using common accuracy metrics and spatial analysis. Findings show that based on demonstration data released in 2020, net migration estimates by five-year age groups would only be accurate enough for use in about half of counties. Inaccuracies are larger in counties with populations less than 50,000, among age groups 65 and over, and among Hispanics. These problems are not fully resolved by grouping into broader age groups. Moreover, errors tend to cluster spatially in some regions of the country. Ultimately, the ability to generate accurate net migration estimates at the same level of detail as in the past will depend on the Census Bureau’s allocation of the privacy loss budget.

Suggested Citation

  • Richelle L. Winkler & Jaclyn L. Butler & Katherine J. Curtis & David Egan-Robertson, 2022. "Differential Privacy and the Accuracy of County-Level Net Migration Estimates," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(2), pages 417-435, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:41:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s11113-021-09664-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11113-021-09664-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laura McKenna, 2018. "Disclosure Avoidance Techniques Used for the 1970 through 2010 Decennial Censuses of Population and Housing," Working Papers 18-47, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    2. Kenneth Johnson & Paul Voss & Roger Hammer & Glenn Fuguitt & Scott Mcniven, 2005. "Temporal and spatial variation in age-specific net migration in the United States," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 42(4), pages 791-812, November.
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