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Income smoothing behavior of U.S. banks under revised international capital requirements

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  • Richard Rivard
  • Eugene Bland
  • Gay Hatfield Morris

Abstract

The use of the loan-loss provision to smooth reported income by large bank holding companies is a much-investigated practice. To the extent that the variability of net income is a measure of risk, income smoothing may reduce the perceived riskiness of the bank and thus increase stock value. Managers may have added incentive to smooth income in response to the structure of their compensation package. The Basel Accord of 1988 phased in new definitions of regulatory capital for banks. These changes have increased the incentives for income smoothing. Most previous studies on income smoothing and loan-loss reserves predate the implementation of the Basel Accord. Others use data that include the transition period. This study revisits the subject, using only post-Accord data. Results of this study are compared with previous results. The evidence confirms the continued existence of income smoothing and supports the proposition that banks have become more aggressive in using loan-loss reserves as a tool for income smoothing. Copyright International Atlantic Economic Society 2003

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Rivard & Eugene Bland & Gay Hatfield Morris, 2003. "Income smoothing behavior of U.S. banks under revised international capital requirements," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 9(4), pages 288-294, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:iaecre:v:9:y:2003:i:4:p:288-294:10.1007/bf02296177
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02296177
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wetmore, Jill L. & Brick, John R., 1994. "Loan-loss provisions of commercial banks and adequate disclosure: A note," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 299-305, October.
    2. Kim, Daesik & Santomero, Anthony M., 1993. "Forecasting required loan loss reserves," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 45(3-4), pages 315-329.
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    4. Collins, Jh & Shackelford, Da & Wahlen, Jm, 1995. "Bank Differences In The Coordination Of Regulatory Capital, Earnings, And Taxes," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 263-291.
    5. Timothy W. Koch & Larry D. Wall, 2000. "Bank loan-loss accounting: a review of theoretical and empirical evidence," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, vol. 85(Q2), pages 1-20.
    6. Beaver, William H. & Engel, Ellen E., 1996. "Discretionary behavior with respect to allowances for loan losses and the behavior of security prices," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1-3), pages 177-206, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Atik, Asuman, 2009. "Detecting income-smoothing behaviors of Turkish listed companies through empirical tests using discretionary accounting changes," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 20(5), pages 591-613.
    2. Stefano Azzali & Luca Fornaciari & Tatiana Mazza, 2016. "Income Smoothing via Loan Loss Provision in Credit Cooperative Banks," FINANCIAL REPORTING, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2016(2), pages 33-54.
    3. Magnis, Chris & Iatridis, George Emmanuel, 2017. "The relation between auditor reputation, earnings and capital management in the banking sector: An international investigation," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PA), pages 338-357.
    4. El Sood, Heba Abou, 2012. "Loan loss provisioning and income smoothing in US banks pre and post the financial crisis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 64-72.

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