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The Forward Search for Very Large Datasets

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  • Riani, Marco
  • Perrotta, Domenico
  • Cerioli, Andrea

Abstract

The identification of atypical observations and the immunization of data analysis against both outliers and failures of modeling are important aspects of modern statistics. The forward search is a graphics rich approach that leads to the formal detection of outliers and to the detection of model inadequacy combined with suggestions for model enhancement. The key idea is to monitor quantities of interest, such as parameter estimates and test statistics, as the model is fitted to data subsets of increasing size. In this paper we propose some computational improvements of the forward search algorithm and we provide a recursive implementation of the procedure which exploits the information of the previous step. The output is a set of efficient routines for fast updating of the model parameter estimates, which do not require any data sorting, and fast computation of likelihood contributions, which do not require matrix inversion or qr decomposition. It is shown that the new algorithms enable a reduction of the computation time by more than 80%. Furthemore, the running time now increases almost linearly with the sample size. All the routines described in this paper are included in the FSDA toolbox for MATLAB which is freely downloadable from the internet.

Suggested Citation

  • Riani, Marco & Perrotta, Domenico & Cerioli, Andrea, 2015. "The Forward Search for Very Large Datasets," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(c01).
    • Handle: RePEc:jss:jstsof:v:067:c01
    DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10.18637/jss.v067.c01
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marco Riani & Anthony C. Atkinson & Andrea Cerioli, 2009. "Finding an unknown number of multivariate outliers," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 71(2), pages 447-466, April.
    2. Zani, Sergio & Riani, Marco & Corbellini, Aldo, 1998. "Robust bivariate boxplots and multiple outlier detection," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 257-270, September.
    3. Andrea Cerioli & Domenico Perrotta, 2014. "Robust clustering around regression lines with high density regions," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 8(1), pages 5-26, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lisa Crosato & Luigi Grossi, 2019. "Correcting outliers in GARCH models: a weighted forward approach," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 60(6), pages 1939-1970, December.
    2. Marco Riani & Andrea Cerioli & Francesca Torti, 2014. "On consistency factors and efficiency of robust S-estimators," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 23(2), pages 356-387, June.
    3. Francesca Torti & Domenico Perrotta & Marco Riani & Andrea Cerioli, 2019. "Assessing trimming methodologies for clustering linear regression data," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 13(1), pages 227-257, March.
    4. Anthony C. Atkinson & Marco Riani & Andrea Cerioli, 2018. "Cluster detection and clustering with random start forward searches," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(5), pages 777-798, April.
    5. Andrea Cerioli & Marco Riani & Anthony C. Atkinson & Aldo Corbellini, 2018. "The power of monitoring: how to make the most of a contaminated multivariate sample," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 27(4), pages 559-587, December.
    6. Domenico Perrotta & Francesca Torti, 2018. "Discussion of “The power of monitoring: how to make the most of a contaminated multivariate sample”," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 27(4), pages 641-649, December.
    7. Valentin Todorov, 2018. "Discussion of “The power of monitoring: how to make the most of a contaminated multivariate sample” by Andrea Cerioli, Marco Riani, Anthony C. Atkinson and Aldo Corbellini," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 27(4), pages 631-639, December.
    8. Anthony C. Atkinson & Aldo Corbellini & Marco Riani, 2017. "Robust Bayesian regression with the forward search: theory and data analysis," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 26(4), pages 869-886, December.

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