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Disadvantaged Groups in Japan, the Architect of Society 5.0: Freeter, Hikikomori, and Parasaito Shinguru

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  • Bilal Cosan

    (Istanbul Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu, Calisma Ekonomisi ve Endustri Iliskileri, Istanbul, Turkiye)

Abstract

Although humanity has experienced many positive developments from Society 1.0 to Society 5.0, it has also encountered various problems in every historical period. Due to these problems, certain segments of society have always been in a disadvantaged position. This disadvantageousness may be attributed to numerous socio-economic factors. Furthermore, some cultural codes in societies also contribute to deepening this disadvantageousness. In this context, even in a developed country such as Japan, which is the architect of Society 5.0, disadvantaged groups exist due to social, economic, and demographic problems. In addition, Japan’s socio-cultural structure has also impacted the emergence of some disadvantaged groups. Especially the increasing elderly population, problems in the labor market, changing marital dynamics, and decreasing fertility rate have caused many economic, demographic, and social problems. Within the scope of this study focused on disadvantaged groups in Japan, we explored them in the context of young, middle-aged, and old people. These groups are freeter/ furita, hikikomori, and parasaito shinguru/parasite single. Finally, the kodoku-shi problem that emerges with the increasing aging population was investigated.

Suggested Citation

  • Bilal Cosan, 2021. "Disadvantaged Groups in Japan, the Architect of Society 5.0: Freeter, Hikikomori, and Parasaito Shinguru," Journal of Social Policy Conferences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(81), pages 393-419, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:iujspc:v:0:y:2021:i:81:p:393-419
    DOI: 10.26650/jspc.2021.81.913699
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert D. Retherford & Naohiro Ogawa & Rikiya Matsukura, 2001. "Late Marriage and Less Marriage in Japan," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 27(1), pages 65-102, March.
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