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Refah Sisteminin Dönüşümü Sürecinde Bakım Politikalarının Yörüngesi: Muhafazakâr Refah Rejimi Temelinde Bir Değerlendirme

Author

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  • Mehmet Merve ÖZAYDIN

    (Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

  • Nursel KARAMAN

    (Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye.)

Abstract

Modern refah devletinin ortaya çıkışından itibaren üstlendiği sosyal hizmet politikaları gereğince bakım kavramı, özel alana atfedilen bir konu olmanın ötesine geçmiş ve kapsamı kamusal alanı kapsayacak biçimde daha geniş bir çerçevede tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Refah rejimi analizlerine bakım kavramının dâhil edilmesi, bakım sorumluluklarının toplumda devlet, piyasa ve aile arasında nasıl paylaşıldığı ve bu paylaşımın toplumun sosyal ve ekonomik ilişkiler bütününü ne şekilde etkilediği noktasında önemli olmaktadır. 1970’li yıllardan itibaren yaşanan ekonomik, sosyal ve demografik gelişmelerle refah sisteminde yaşanan dönüşüm doğrultusunda geleneksel olarak refah sunumunda, özellikle de bakım hizmetlerinde etkin bir role sahip olan aile kurumunun bu etkinliği azalmaya başlamıştır. Böylelikle Avrupa refah devletlerinin çoğunda gerek açık gerekse örtük bir biçimde kabul edilen “ailecilik” ilkesinin işlevselliğini kaybetmesiyle bakım politikalarında çeşitli reformlar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu reformların ise refah rejimlerinin karakteristik özellikleri çerçevesinde ülkelerin ekonomik koşullarıyla ve özellikle işgücü piyasalarının içinde bulunduğu durumla eşgüdümlü olarak şekillendiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bakım politikalarındaki reformları muhafazakâr refah rejimi ekseninde, bu rejimin genel özelliklerini taşıdığı düşünülen Almanya, Fransa ve Belçika örnekleri üzerinden hareket ederek ortaya koyabilmektir. Yapılan değerlendirmede, söz konusu ülkelerde 1980 sonrası süreçte bakım politikalarının, (i)1980-2000 ve (ii)2000 ve sonrası şeklinde iki ana dönem içerisinde benzer uyarıcılar sonucu, benzer amaçlara yönelik olarak uygulamaya konduğu ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışmada son olarak, Türkiye’de son dönemdeki bakım politikalarına ilişkin genel bir çerçeve çizilmiş ve muhafazakâr refah rejimindeki karakteristiklerle farklılaştığı ve benzeştiği noktalar vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır

Suggested Citation

  • Mehmet Merve ÖZAYDIN & Nursel KARAMAN, 2020. "Refah Sisteminin Dönüşümü Sürecinde Bakım Politikalarının Yörüngesi: Muhafazakâr Refah Rejimi Temelinde Bir Değerlendirme," Journal of Social Policy Conferences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(78), pages 171-203, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:iujspc:v:0:y:2020:i:78:p:171-203
    DOI: 10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephen Nickell & Luca Nunziata & Wolfgang Ochel, 2005. "Unemployment in the OECD Since the 1960s. What Do We Know?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 115(500), pages 1-27, January.
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    1. Cemre Canbazer Şanlı & Başak Akkan, 2022. "COVID-19 Salgını Döneminde Türkiye’de Uzun Dönemli Bakım Önlemleri," Journal of Social Policy Conferences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, issue 83, pages 141-178, December.
    2. repec:ist:iujspc:v:0:y:2022:i:83:p:141-178 is not listed on IDEAS

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