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Validity and Reliability of The Instrument Using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s alpha

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  • Liew Lee Chan
  • Noraini Idris

Abstract

The study was conducted to produce empirical data on the reliability and validity of the Teaching Framework for Mathematics (TF@Maths) questionnaire. A survey was conducted in one public university and one institution of teacher education in Northern Zone of Malaysia towards 436 students from the Mathematics Education. The reliability and validity of the TF@Maths questionnaire were tested with the Cronbach’s alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) respectively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23. The TF@Maths questionnaire is a 7 point Likert- scale survey consisted of 86 items. The Cronbach’s alpha test conducted shows that the overall score was 0.939 indicating high reliability of the items in the instrument. For validity, EFA was then conducted with the items using principal component analysis extraction and Varimax rotation. There were 62 items retaining with the factor loadings that was above 0.4. The factor analysis shows that the TF@Maths produced six factors, namely: mathematics content knowledge, mathematical pedagogical knowledge, general pedagogical knowledge, classroom management skill, mathematics disposition and quality mathematics teacher. The findings of TF@Maths will bebefit educational practitioners in designing a Teaching Mathematics Framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Liew Lee Chan & Noraini Idris, 2017. "Validity and Reliability of The Instrument Using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s alpha," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(10), pages 400-410, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:hur:ijarbs:v:7:y:2017:i:10:p:400-410
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    Cited by:

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    2. Abdo Hasan AL-Qadri & Mohammad H. Al-khresheh & Azzeddine Boudouaia & Amira Bouflih, 2023. "Language anxiety in an Algerian multilingual tertiary context," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Bekele, Marta G. & Muthuri, Judy N. & Ayele, Mengistu Bogale, 2024. "The influence of national culture on corporate social responsibility in the Ethiopian mining sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    4. Van Zuydam, SC & Kempen, EL & Truter, L, 2023. "South African Consumers’ Knowledge Of Genetically Modified (Gm) Food Products And Influences That Affect The Purchasing Decision Of Gm Foods," African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), vol. 23(7), July.
    5. Mikelsone Elina & Spilbergs Aivars & Segers Jean-Pierre & Frisfelds Janis, 2022. "Adaptation and Appropriation of Different Web-Based Idea Management System Types," Economics and Culture, Sciendo, vol. 19(1), pages 30-42, June.
    6. Srinivasa Raghavan, Seshadri, 2020. "Behavioral Realism of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Usage: Implications for Emission Benefits, Energy Consumption, and Policies," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1rz000pf, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.

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