IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i15p7014-d1715972.html

Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Peri-Urban Villages in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecosystem Service Values

Author

Listed:
  • Yao Xiong

    (College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Yueling Li

    (College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Yunfeng Yang

    (College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

Abstract

The rapid urbanization process has accelerated the degradation of ecosystem services (ESs) in peri-urban rural areas of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), leading to increasing landscape ecological risks (LERs). Establishing a scientifically grounded landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) system and corresponding control strategies is therefore imperative. Using rural areas of Jiangning District, Nanjing as a case study, this research proposes an optimized dual-dimensional coupling assessment framework that integrates ecosystem service value (ESV) and ecological risk probability. The spatiotemporal evolution of LER in 2000, 2010, and 2020 and its key driving factors were further studied by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and geodetector methods. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, cultivated land remained dominant, but its proportion decreased by 10.87%, while construction land increased by 26.52%, with minimal changes in other land use types. (2) The total ESV increased by CNY 1.67 × 10 9 , with regulating services accounting for over 82%, among which water bodies contributed the most. (3) LER showed an overall increasing trend, with medium- to highest-risk areas expanding by 55.37%, lowest-risk areas increasing by 10.10%, and lower-risk areas decreasing by 65.48%. (4) Key driving factors include landscape vulnerability, vegetation coverage, and ecological land connectivity, with the influence of distance to road becoming increasingly significant. This study reveals the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of LER in typical peri-urban villages. Based on the LERA results, combined with terrain features and ecological pressure intensity, the study area was divided into three ecological management zones: ecological conservation, ecological restoration, and ecological enhancement. Corresponding zoning strategies were proposed to guide rural ecological governance and support regional sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Yao Xiong & Yueling Li & Yunfeng Yang, 2025. "Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Peri-Urban Villages in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecosystem Service Values," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-24, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:15:p:7014-:d:1715972
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/15/7014/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/15/7014/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. He Gao & Wei Song, 2022. "Assessing the Landscape Ecological Risks of Land-Use Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-25, October.
    2. Liu, Runqiu & Zhang, Lie & Tang, Yudi & Jiang, Yongmu, 2024. "Understanding and evaluating the resilience of rural human settlements with a social-ecological system framework: The case of Chongqing Municipality, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    3. Xupu Li & Shuangshuang Li & Yufeng Zhang & Patrick J. O’Connor & Liwei Zhang & Junping Yan, 2021. "Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment under Multiple Indicators," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Xiufeng Cao & Zhaoshun Liu & Shujie Li & Zhenjun Gao, 2022. "Integrating the Ecological Security Pattern and the PLUS Model to Assess the Effects of Regional Ecological Restoration: A Case Study of Hefei City, Anhui Province," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Yanping Yang & Jianjun Chen & Yanping Lan & Guoqing Zhou & Haotian You & Xiaowen Han & Yu Wang & Xue Shi, 2022. "Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk Assessment in Guangxi Based on Land Use Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Di Zhan & Bin Quan & Jia Liao, 2025. "The Spatiotemporal Evolution and Coupling Coordination of LUCC and Landscape Ecological Risk in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas: A Case Study of the Wanzhou–Dazhou–Kaizhou Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-25, May.
    7. Sizheng Li & Liuzhu Wang & Sheng Zhao & Feng Gui & Qun Le, 2023. "Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Zhoushan Island Based on LULC Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, June.
    8. Jinfeng Xie & Jun Zhao & Sheshu Zhang & Ziyun Sun, 2023. "Optimal Scale and Scenario Simulation Analysis of Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment in the Shiyang River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-14, November.
    9. Zhibo Lu & Qian Song & Jianyun Zhao & Shiru Wang, 2022. "Prediction and Evaluation of Ecosystem Service Value Based on Land Use of the Yellow River Source Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    10. Shaoqing Wang & Yanling Zhao & He Ren & Shichao Zhu & Yunhui Yang, 2023. "Identification of Ecological Risk “Source-Sink” Landscape Functions of Resource-Based Region: A Case Study in Liaoning Province, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-23, October.
    11. Wei Zhao & Changjun Jiang, 2022. "Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics and Dynamic Effects of Urban-Rural Integration Development in the Yangtze River Delta Region," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ruifang Deng & Xue Ding & Jinliang Wang, 2023. "Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment and Spatial Pattern Evolution Analysis of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration from 1995 to 2020 Based on Land Use/Cover Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Hengrui Zhang & Jianing Zhang & Zhuozhuo Lv & Linjie Yao & Ning Zhang & Qing Zhang, 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Landscape Ecological Risk and Associated Drivers: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Shengyue Zhang & Yanjun Zhang & Xiaomeng Wang & Yuefen Li, 2025. "Land Use Conflict Under Different Scenarios Based on the PLUS Model: A Case Study of the Development Pilot Zone in Jilin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-37, August.
    4. Dongchuan Wang & Hua Chai & Zhiheng Wang & Kangjian Wang & Hongyi Wang & Hui Long & Jianshe Gao & Aoze Wei & Sirun Wang, 2022. "Dynamic Monitoring and Ecological Risk Analysis of Lake Inundation Areas in Tibetan Plateau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Yang Li & Jiafu Liu & Yue Zhu & Chunyan Wu, 2025. "Assessment of Landscape Ecological Risks Driven by Land Use Change Using Multi-Scenario Simulation: A Case Study of Harbin, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, April.
    6. Ayinigaer Adili & Biao Wu & Jiayu Chen & Na Wu & Yongxiao Ge & Jilili Abuduwaili, 2024. "Assessment of Landscape Ecological Risk and Its Driving Factors for the Ebinur Lake Basin from 1985 to 2022," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, September.
    7. Lu Han & Yanbo Qu & Shufeng Liang & Luyan Shi & Min Zhang & Haiyan Jia, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Land Ecological Security and Optimization Based on GeoSOS-FLUS Model: A Case Study of the Yellow River Delta in China Toward Sustainability," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, November.
    8. Zihan Dong & Haodong Liu & Hua Liu & Yongfu Chen & Xinru Fu & Yang Zhang & Jiajia Xia & Zhiwei Zhang & Qiao Chen, 2025. "Analysis of Habitat Quality Changes in Mountainous Areas Using the PLUS Model and Construction of a Dynamic Restoration Framework for Ecological Security Patterns: A Case Study of Golog Tibetan Autono," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-23, July.
    9. Yuqi Zhang & Jiafu Liu & Yue Zhu, 2025. "Assessment of Ecological Resilience and Identification of Influencing Factors in Jilin Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-28, June.
    10. Zidao Lu & Maomao Zhang & Chunguang Hu & Lianlong Ma & Enqing Chen & Cheng Zhang & Guozhen Xia, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of the Coupled Production–Living–Ecological Functions in the Yellow River Basin, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-24, November.
    11. Youming Dong & Long Li & Xianjin Huang, 2025. "Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Driving Factors of Urban–Rural Integration in Counties of Yangtze River Economic Belt," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, April.
    12. Yaotao Xu & Peng Li & Jinjin Pan & Yi Zhang & Xiaohu Dang & Xiaoshu Cao & Junfang Cui & Zhi Yang, 2022. "Eco-Environmental Effects and Spatial Heterogeneity of “Production-Ecology-Living” Land Use Transformation: A Case Study for Ningxia, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-20, August.
    13. Pengtao Wang & Xupu Li & Liwei Zhang & Zhuangzhuang Wang & Jiangtao Bai & Yongyong Song & Hongzhu Han & Ting Zhao & Guan Huang & Junping Yan, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Variations of Production–Living–Ecological Space under Various, Changing Climate and Land Use Scenarios in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River Basin, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-21, September.
    14. Yiqun Wu & Yuan Sun & Congyue Zhou & Yonghua Li & Xuanli Wang & Huifang Yu, 2023. "Spatial–Temporal Characteristics of Carbon Emissions in Mixed-Use Villages: A Sustainable Development Study of the Yangtze River Delta, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-21, October.
    15. Zichun Yan & Ninglong You & Lu Wang & Chengwei Lan, 2023. "Assessing the Impact of Road Network on Urban Landscape Ecological Risk Based on Corridor Cutting Degree Model in Fuzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    16. Lingfan Ju & Yan Liu & Jin Yang & Mingshun Xiang & Qing Xiang & Wenkai Hu & Zhengyi Ding, 2023. "Construction of Nature Reserves’ Ecological Security Pattern Based on Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, May.
    17. Yunlin He & Yanhua Mo & Jiangming Ma, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Influence Mechanism of Habitat Quality in Guilin City, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-15, December.
    18. Huiqing Han & Zhihua Su & Guangbin Yang, 2023. "Variations of Habitat Quality and Ecological Risk and Their Correlations with Landscape Metrics in a Robust Human Disturbed Coastal Region—Case Study: Xinggang Town in Southern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-20, February.
    19. Jiawei Wu & Wei Sun, 2023. "Regional Integration and Sustainable Development in the Yangtze River Delta, China: Towards a Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, February.
    20. Yanping Lan & Jianjun Chen & Yanping Yang & Ming Ling & Haotian You & Xiaowen Han, 2023. "Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk Assessment in Guilin Based on Land Use Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-19, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:15:p:7014-:d:1715972. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.