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Soil CO 2 and CH 4 Dynamics and Their Relationships with Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity, and Root Biomass during Winter Wheat Growth under Shallow Groundwater

Author

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  • Wenchao Zhang

    (School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
    College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Chen Guo

    (Institute of Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China)

  • Xinguo Zhou

    (Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China)

  • Jianqiang Zhu

    (College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China)

  • Fahu Li

    (College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

Soil CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations are crucial determinants of crop physiology and the soil environment. However, the intricate relationships among soil respiration, soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and winter wheat growth in the presence of shallow groundwater remain enigmatic. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations and their correlations with soil nutrient content, enzymatic activities, and wheat root biomass to better understand the influence of shallow groundwater on soil environmental conditions. Lysimeter experiments were conducted at five groundwater depths (20, 40, 50, 60, and 80 cm) and three fertilizer application rates (low, 75%; normal, 100%; high, 125%). Soil CO 2 (soil layer > 10 cm) and CH 4 concentrations significantly decreased with increasing groundwater depth. The maximum values of root parameters and shoot biomass were mainly concentrated at 50–60 cm at the high fertilization level (except root length density, which was higher at the normal fertilization level), and were 0.36–77.4% higher than other treatments. Soil CO 2 concentration showed positive correlations with organic matter and total N content, enzyme activities, and root biomass. Soil CH 4 concentration had significant correlations with soil organic matter, total N, and available K. Compared to the fertilization level, groundwater depth emerged as a crucial factor as it affected soil physicochemical properties, soil enzymatic activities, root respiration, and winter wheat growth in shallow groundwater.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenchao Zhang & Chen Guo & Xinguo Zhou & Jianqiang Zhu & Fahu Li, 2024. "Soil CO 2 and CH 4 Dynamics and Their Relationships with Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity, and Root Biomass during Winter Wheat Growth under Shallow Groundwater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:4:p:1396-:d:1334923
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Wenchao & Zhu, Jianqiang & Zhou, Xinguo & Li, Fahu, 2018. "Effects of shallow groundwater table and fertilization level on soil physico-chemical properties, enzyme activities, and winter wheat yield," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 307-317.
    2. Ali, Shahzad & Xu, Yueyue & Ahmad, Irshad & Jia, Qianmin & Ma, Xiangcheng & Ullah, Hidayat & Alam, Mukhtar & Adnan, Muhammad & Daur, Ihsanullah & Ren, Xiaolong & Cai, Tie & Zhang, Jiahua & Jia, Zhikua, 2018. "Tillage and deficit irrigation strategies to improve winter wheat production through regulating root development under simulated rainfall conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 44-54.
    3. Liang Xiao & Libin Bao & Lantian Ren & Yiqin Xie & Hong Wang & Xiang Wang & Jianfei Wang & Cece Qiao & Xin Xiao, 2022. "Appropriate Irrigation and Fertilization Regime Restrain Indigenous Soil Key Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeal and Bacterial Consortia to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-11, May.
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