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Heritability and Selection Using GGE Biplots and the Sustainability Index (SI) of Maize Mutants under Different Cropping Systems in Upland

Author

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  • Haris Maulana

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia)

  • Yudithia Maxiselly

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia)

  • Yuyun Yuwariah

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia)

  • Dedi Ruswandi

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia)

Abstract

A good maize plant breeding program must consider the effect of genotype-by-environment interactions (GEIs) and the correlation of important traits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genetic variation, identify and investigate the implications of GEIs on breeding maize mutants in order to determine the ideal genotypes (stable and high yield), identify the best intercropping system for maize mutants, and identify the heritability and relationships of the traits tested that are important in cultivation. This research was carried out in five different intercropping systems in Upland West Java, Indonesia. A randomized block design with two replications was used in the field experiment. The measurement results revealed that the genetic diversity of maize mutants is broad, with six axes having eigenvalues ranging from 8.76 to 1.07 and a cumulative value of 76.64%. The neighbor-joining tree also showed a wide range of variation, yielding five distinct groups. The GEIs had a significant effect on the 14 traits tested, particularly yield. The environment had a significant impact on the variation of all the traits tested. The ideal cropping system for selecting the ideal maize mutant was Environment 4 (maize + rice). Superior maize mutants were successfully selected based on the GGE biplot. Thus, the sustainability index (SI) was used to successfully select maize mutants that were superior by 20.00%. These two methods selected only 15.00% of the maize mutants. One trait has a low heritability value, five traits have a moderate heritability value, and 17 traits have a high heritability value. The yields correlated positively and significantly with nine yield traits. Future maize-breeding programs can be based on data on genetic diversity, heritability, and the relationship of the traits tested. The best intercropping system can be used as an alternative for increasing maize cultivation income. Selected maize mutants can be proposed as new superior genotype candidates.

Suggested Citation

  • Haris Maulana & Yudithia Maxiselly & Yuyun Yuwariah & Dedi Ruswandi, 2023. "Heritability and Selection Using GGE Biplots and the Sustainability Index (SI) of Maize Mutants under Different Cropping Systems in Upland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6824-:d:1126538
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ulrich Kohler & Magdalena Luniak, 2005. "Data inspection using biplots," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 5(2), pages 208-233, June.
    2. Yoshua Liberty Filio & Haris Maulana & Reviana Aulia & Tarkus Suganda & Trixie Almira Ulimaz & Virda Aziza & Vergel Concibido & Agung Karuniawan, 2023. "Evaluation of Indonesian Butterfly Pea ( Clitoria ternatea L.) Using Stability Analysis and Sustainability Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dwinita Wikan Utami & Ajang Maruapey & Haris Maulana & Parlin Halomon Sinaga & Susilawati Basith & Agung Karuniawan, 2023. "The Sustainability Index and Other Stability Analyses for Evaluating Superior Fe-Tolerant Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-22, August.

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