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A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Effect of Chatbot Technology Use in Sustainable Education

Author

Listed:
  • Xinjie Deng

    (Faculty of Foreign Studies, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Zhonggen Yu

    (Faculty of Foreign Studies, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence in recent years has promoted the use of chatbot technology in sustainable education. Many studies examined the effect of chatbots on learning outcomes. However, scant studies summarized the effectiveness of chatbots in education. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of chatbot-assisted learning on various components and how different moderator variables influenced the effectiveness. This study, through a meta-analysis, reviewed 32 empirical studies with 2201 participants published between 2010 and 2022. The results showed that chatbot technology exerted a medium-to-high effect on overall learning outcomes regardless of moderator variables, i.e., intervention duration, chatbot roles, and learning content. In terms of learning components, chatbots could significantly improve explicit reasoning, learning achievement, knowledge retention, and learning interest despite negative findings in critical thinking, learning engagement, and motivation. Future research could expand chatbot research by including different learning components.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinjie Deng & Zhonggen Yu, 2023. "A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Effect of Chatbot Technology Use in Sustainable Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:2940-:d:1059535
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ming Li & Zhonggen Yu, 2022. "Teachers’ Satisfaction, Role, and Digital Literacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-19, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jibon Naher, 2023. "A Survey to Understand the experience of ChatGPT Usage among Engineering University Students in Bangladesh," Technium, Technium Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8.
    2. Maria Karyotaki & Athanasios Drigas & Charalabos Skianis, 2024. "Contributions of the 9-Layered Model of Giftedness to the Development of a Conversational Agent for Healthy Ageing and Sustainable Living," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Carlos Cacciuttolo & Yaneth Vásquez & Deyvis Cano & Fernando Valenzuela, 2023. "Research Thesis for Undergraduate Engineering Programs in the Digitalization Era: Learning Strategies and Responsible Research Conduct Road to a University Education 4.0 Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-27, July.
    4. Goran Bubaš & Antonela Čižmešija & Andreja Kovačić, 2023. "Development of an Assessment Scale for Measurement of Usability and User Experience Characteristics of Bing Chat Conversational AI," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.

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