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Integrating Safety-I and Safety-II Approaches in Near Miss Management: A Critical Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Federica De Leo

    (Department of Economic Science, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Valerio Elia

    (Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Maria Grazia Gnoni

    (Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Fabiana Tornese

    (Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

Abstract

Safety-II is a recently theorized approach, considering safety as the ability of a system to reach a positive outcome under variable conditions: analyzing “what goes right” can help to understand the dynamics of the analyzed system and improve its inherent safety level. On the contrary, a more traditional perspective, defined as Safety-I, aims at analyzing “what goes wrong”, thereby relating the safety level of a system to the number of adverse events that occurred. This study explores the potentialities of integrating these two approaches in near-miss management. Through a Safety-I approach, near-miss events are analyzed to identify the root causes generating the event chain, in order to delete them and prevent future accidents. Applying a Safety-II approach, the analysis can include elements that contributed to limiting the consequences and blocking the event chain, revealing the resilience level of the systems. This study presents a critical analysis of the two approaches and proposes a practical framework to integrate them into near-miss management systems. A test case shows the potential benefits of this integration. This work provides a tool to support the implementation of Safety-II on the operative level while suggesting a new perspective for near-miss management.

Suggested Citation

  • Federica De Leo & Valerio Elia & Maria Grazia Gnoni & Fabiana Tornese, 2023. "Integrating Safety-I and Safety-II Approaches in Near Miss Management: A Critical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:2130-:d:1044629
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Haavik, Torgeir Kolstø, 2021. "Debates and politics in safety science," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    2. Provan, David J. & Woods, David D. & Dekker, Sidney W.A. & Rae, Andrew J., 2020. "Safety II professionals: How resilience engineering can transform safety practice," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    3. Weiliang Qiao & Yang Liu & Xiaoxue Ma & He Lan, 2021. "Cognitive Gap and Correlation of Safety-I and Safety-II: A Case of Maritime Shipping Safety Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-24, May.
    4. James R. Phimister & Ulku Oktem & Paul R. Kleindorfer & Howard Kunreuther, 2003. "Near‐Miss Incident Management in the Chemical Process Industry," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(3), pages 445-459, June.
    5. Ham, Dong-Han & Park, Jinkyun, 2020. "Use of a big data analysis technique for extracting HRA data from event investigation reports based on the Safety-II concept," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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