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Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Eutrophication and Non-Point Source Pollution Prevention and Control in the Main Stream of the Yellow River in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021

Author

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  • Huaibin Wei

    (School of Management and Economics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yao Wang

    (School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jing Liu

    (College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK)

  • Yongxiao Cao

    (School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Xinyu Zhang

    (School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

Abstract

Protecting the water quality of the Yellow River is of great significance to the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin. The identification of spatiotemporal variations of the water environment and the implementation of measures to control non-point source (NPS) pollution are both key to improving the water quality. Between 2012 and 2021, we conducted assessments of eight indicators, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD Mn ), five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), total phosphorus (TP), NO 3 -N, and NH 3 -N at six sites in the main stream of the Yellow River in Henan. We explored the causes of changes in water eutrophication using multivariate statistical analysis and formulated recommendations to improve NPS pollution through adjustments in land use patterns. The results showed that temporal water eutrophication markedly decreased and it was most spatially severe in the east. The most effective control of water eutrophication was observed between 2016 and 2018. As the transition from the flood season to the non-flood season took place, the main source of NPS pollution changed from being primarily influenced by precipitation, to being predominantly attributed to agricultural runoff. We recommend addressing the increased soil erosion in the west and controlling the discharge of agricultural effluent in the east. During the flood season, the ecological interception zones can effectively intercept NPS pollution outputs. These findings offer valuable insights for future scientific management strategies to prevent and control NPS pollution in the river.

Suggested Citation

  • Huaibin Wei & Yao Wang & Jing Liu & Yongxiao Cao & Xinyu Zhang, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Eutrophication and Non-Point Source Pollution Prevention and Control in the Main Stream of the Yellow River in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:14754-:d:1257694
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lu, Chengpeng & Ji, Wei & Hou, Muchen & Ma, Tianyang & Mao, Jinhuang, 2022. "Evaluation of efficiency and resilience of agricultural water resources system in the Yellow River Basin, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Zhendong Hong & Qinghe Zhao & Jinlong Chang & Li Peng & Shuoqian Wang & Yongyi Hong & Gangjun Liu & Shengyan Ding, 2020. "Evaluation of Water Quality and Heavy Metals in Wetlands along the Yellow River in Henan Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Guoshuai Qin & Jianwei Liu & Shiguo Xu & Ya Sun, 2021. "Pollution Source Apportionment and Water Quality Risk Evaluation of a Drinking Water Reservoir during Flood Seasons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
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