IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i15p11819-d1208146.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Unravelling the Formation Mechanism of Sustainable Underground Pedestrian Systems: Two Case Studies in Shanghai

Author

Listed:
  • Cheng Peng

    (Research Center for Underground Space, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Chenxiao Ma

    (Research Center for Underground Space, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Yunhao Dong

    (Research Center for Underground Space, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract

The development of subterranean non-motorized traffic infrastructure, commonly referred to as the underground pedestrian system (UPS), has become increasingly necessary in densely populated megacities worldwide as a means of advancing the sustainable development goal 11, which aims to promote sustainable cities and communities. To improve the overall spatial performance, it is imperative to decipher the fundamental formation mechanism of sustainable underground pedestrian systems (SUPSs) that is simultaneously influenced by spatial morphology and pedestrian behaviors. Thereby, two representative case studies, namely the Wujiaochang UPS and the Loushanguanlu UPS located in Shanghai, were selected for an in-depth investigation. This study employed correlation and regression analysis to examine the impact of spatial configuration variables and spatial attribute factors on pedestrian flow distributions in distinct SUPSs. The findings indicate that the variables of betweenness, as measured by both Euclidean and Angular metrics, along with the presence of metro station locations and commercial space connected by the UPS, are the three most significant factors influencing pedestrian behaviors in both scenarios. The disclosure has been made that the Wujiaochang UPS is seamlessly integrated into a comprehensive three-dimensional pedestrian network both above and below ground. By contrast, it appears that the Loushanguanlu UPS exhibits a greater degree of self-sufficiency as an underground system. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying the development of SUPSs, thus offering effective guidance for the implementation of three-dimensional walking systems in cities that prioritize sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheng Peng & Chenxiao Ma & Yunhao Dong, 2023. "Unravelling the Formation Mechanism of Sustainable Underground Pedestrian Systems: Two Case Studies in Shanghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11819-:d:1208146
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11819/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11819/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhilong Chen & Lichang Su & Cheng Zhang, 2016. "Research on the Synergy Degree of Aboveground and Underground Space along Urban Rail Transit from the Perspective of Urban Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-22, September.
    2. Abdollah Mobaraki & Beser Oktay Vehbi, 2022. "A Conceptual Model for Assessing the Relationship between Urban Morphology and Sustainable Urban Form," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Qiao, Yong-Kang & Peng, Fang-Le & Wang, Yang, 2017. "Monetary valuation of urban underground space: A critical issue for the decision-making of urban underground space development," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 12-24.
    4. Daniela Santilli & Mauro D’Apuzzo & Azzurra Evangelisti & Vittorio Nicolosi, 2021. "Towards Sustainability: New Tools for Planning Urban Pedestrian Mobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Renfei Wu & Xunjia Zheng & Yongneng Xu & Wei Wu & Guopeng Li & Qing Xu & Zhuming Nie, 2019. "Modified Driving Safety Field Based on Trajectory Prediction Model for Pedestrian–Vehicle Collision," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Dae Yeong Jeong & Hee Jin Kim, 2022. "Sustainable Development of Underutilized Pedestrian Underpass in Seoul," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-19, June.
    7. Poh-Chin Lai & Si Chen & Chien-Tat Low & Ester Cerin & Robert Stimson & Pui Yun Paulina Wong, 2018. "Neighborhood Variation of Sustainable Urban Morphological Characteristics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hai-Min Lyu & Ye-Shuang Xu & Wen-Chieh Cheng & Arul Arulrajah, 2018. "Flooding Hazards across Southern China and Prospective Sustainability Measures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Yuting Wu & Hongyan Wen & Meichen Fu, 2024. "A Review of Research on the Value Evaluation of Urban Underground Space," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-28, April.
    3. Shencheng Xu & Haitao Jiang & Hanyang Wang, 2025. "A Generative Urban Form Design Framework Based on Deep Convolutional GANs and Landscape Pattern Metrics for Sustainable Renewal in Highly Urbanized Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Irina Makarova & Larisa Gubacheva & Larisa Gabsalikhova & Vadim Mavrin & Aleksey Boyko, 2025. "Developing Intelligent Integrated Solutions to Improve Pedestrian Safety for Sustainable Urban Mobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-31, October.
    5. Chen, Kai & Zhao, Xiaodong & Huang, Yujie & Fang, Guoyu, 2025. "SocialTrans: Transformer based social intentions interaction for pedestrian trajectory prediction," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 663(C).
    6. Zi-Yun Zhang & Fang-Le Peng & Chen-Xiao Ma & Hui Zhang & Su-Juan Fu, 2021. "External Benefit Assessment of Urban Utility Tunnels Based on Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-23, January.
    7. Yanyi Zhu & Youpei Hu, 2023. "The Correlation between Urban Form and Carbon Emissions: A Bibliometric and Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-28, September.
    8. Soo-yeon Seo & Byunghee Lee & Jongsung Won, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Economic Impacts of Sustainable Vertical Extension Methods for Existing Underground Spaces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, January.
    9. Irma Nurjannah & Raden Marsuki Iswandi & Ishak Kadir & Endro Sukoco, 2025. "Urban Landscape Development of Kendari Old Town in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: The Conzen School Urban Morphology Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-20, February.
    10. Tao Shen & Wenshiqi Zhou & Shuai Yuan & Liang Huo, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Characterization of the Three-Dimensional Morphology of Urban Buildings Based on Moran’s I," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-16, July.
    11. Ze-Nian Wang & Jun Chen & Wen-Chieh Cheng & Arul Arulrajah & Suksun Horpibulsuk, 2018. "Investigation into the tempo-spatial distribution of recent fire hazards in China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 92(3), pages 1889-1907, July.
    12. Hui Xu & Liudan Jiao & Shulin Chen & Milan Deng & Ningxin Shen, 2018. "An Innovative Approach to Determining High-Risk Nodes in a Complex Urban Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Urban Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    13. Leilei Jiao & Fumin Deng & Xuedong Liang, 2017. "Sustainable Urbanization Synergy Degree Measures—A Case Study in Henan Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, December.
    14. Shen, Shui-Long & Lin, Song-Shun & Zhou, Annan, 2023. "A cloud model-based approach for risk analysis of excavation system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    15. Hámor-Vidó, Mária & Hámor, Tamás & Czirok, Lili, 2021. "Underground space, the legal governance of a critical resource in circular economy," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    16. Jinliu Chen & Haoqi Wang & Zhuo Yang & Pengcheng Li & Geng Ma & Xiaoxin Zhao, 2023. "Comparative Spatial Vitality Evaluation of Traditional Settlements Based on SUF: Taking Anren Ancient Town’s Urban Design as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    17. Abdollah Mobaraki & Mojdeh Nikoofam & Behnam Mobaraki, 2025. "The Nexus of Morphology and Sustainable Urban Form Parameters as a Common Basis for Evaluating Sustainability in Urban Forms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-20, April.
    18. Zhaoliang Peng & Yu Zhang & Fei Tan & Jiahe Lv & Lianghui Li, 2023. "Variable-Weight Suitability Evaluation of Underground Space Development Considering Socioeconomic Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, February.
    19. Mireia Faus & Francisco Alonso & Cristina Esteban & José Luis Velarte, 2025. "More Sustainable but More Dangerous Cities: The Role of Communication Campaigns in Protecting Vulnerable Road Users," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-20, February.
    20. Bayer, Peter & Attard, Guillaume & Blum, Philipp & Menberg, Kathrin, 2019. "The geothermal potential of cities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 17-30.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11819-:d:1208146. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.