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Large-Scale Flood Hazard Monitoring and Impact Assessment on Landscape: Representative Case Study in India

Author

Listed:
  • Bijay Halder

    (Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, India)

  • Subhadip Barman

    (Centre for Environmental Studies, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, India)

  • Papiya Banik

    (Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India)

  • Puja Das

    (Department of Geography, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, India)

  • Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay

    (Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, India)

  • Fredolin Tangang

    (Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Shamsuddin Shahid

    (Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudia 81310, Johor, Malaysia)

  • Chaitanya B. Pande

    (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411008, India
    Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
    New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq)

  • Baqer Al-Ramadan

    (Architecture and City Design, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Zaher Mundher Yaseen

    (Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
    Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Currently, natural hazards are a significant concern as they contribute to increased vulnerability, environmental degradation, and loss of life, among other consequences. Climate change and human activities are key factors that contribute to various natural hazards such as floods, landslides, droughts, and deforestation. Assam state in India experiences annual floods that significantly impact the local environment. In 2022, the flooding affected approximately 1.9 million people and 2930 villages, resulting in the loss of 54 lives. This study utilized the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-computing platform to investigate the extent of flood inundation and deforestation, analyzing pre-flood and post-flood C band Sentinel-1 GRD datasets. Identifying pre- and post-flood areas was conducted using Landsat 8–9 OLI/TIRS datasets and the modified and normalized difference water index (MNDWI). The districts of Cachar, Kokrajhar, Jorhat, Kamrup, and Dhubri were the most affected by floods and deforestation. The 2022 Assam flood encompassed approximately 24,507.27 km 2 of vegetation loss and 33,902.49 km 2 of flood inundation out of a total area of 78,438 km 2 . The most affected areas were the riverine regions, the capital city Dispur, Guwahati, southern parts of Assam, and certain eastern regions. Flood hazards exacerbate environmental degradation and deforestation, making satellite-based information crucial for hazard and disaster management solutions. The findings of this research can contribute to raising awareness, planning, and implementing future disaster management strategies to protect both the environment and human life.

Suggested Citation

  • Bijay Halder & Subhadip Barman & Papiya Banik & Puja Das & Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay & Fredolin Tangang & Shamsuddin Shahid & Chaitanya B. Pande & Baqer Al-Ramadan & Zaher Mundher Yaseen, 2023. "Large-Scale Flood Hazard Monitoring and Impact Assessment on Landscape: Representative Case Study in India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:14:p:11413-:d:1200431
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vishwas Kale, 2003. "Geomorphic Effects of Monsoon Floods on Indian Rivers," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 28(1), pages 65-84, January.
    2. Raju Mandal, 2014. "Cropping Pattern Choice and Risk Mitigation in Flood Affected Agriculture: A Study of Assam Plains, India," Working Papers 1403, Sam Houston State University, Department of Economics and International Business.
    3. Raju Mandal, 2014. "Flood, cropping pattern choice and returns in agriculture: A study of Assam plains, India," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 333-344.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Anjaneyulu Akkimi & Srinivasulu Jella & Radha Manasa Peesapati & Amanpreet Singh & Durga Rao KHV & Prakash Chauhan, 2026. "FlDepth: A New Method for Estimating Fluvial and Pluvial Flood Depths from Near Real-Time Satellite-Derived Inundation Map and Topography," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 40(4), pages 1-25, March.

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