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Evolution of Landscape Ecological Risk and Identification of Critical Areas in the Yellow River Source Area Based on LUCC

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  • Zhibo Lu

    (Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
    Provincial Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Resources and Environment on the Northern Rim of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)

  • Qian Song

    (Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
    Provincial Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Resources and Environment on the Northern Rim of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)

  • Jianyun Zhao

    (Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
    Provincial Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Resources and Environment on the Northern Rim of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)

Abstract

A reasonable evaluation of the ecological risk status of the landscape in the Yellow River source area is of practical significance for optimizing the regional landscape pattern and maintaining ecosystem function. To explore the regional heterogeneity of ecological risk in the watershed landscape, a landscape ecological risk evaluation model is constructed to evaluate the ecological risk status of the watershed for 20 years, and correlation analysis is used to further reveal the characteristics of the relationship between ecological risk and land use. The results show that the rapid expansion of urbanization and the increasing intensity of land development and use has caused significant changes in the Yellow River source area ecological environment and various land use types. The area of grassland decreased the most, by a total of 6160.04 km 2 , while the area of unused land increased the most, by a total of 2930.27 km 2 . A total of 12,453.11 km 2 of land in the Yellow River source area was transformed, accounting for 9.52% of the total area. The most significant area of grassland was transferred out, accounting for 49.47% of the transferred area. During the study period, the proportion of area in the low-risk zone decreased from 54.75% to 36.35%, the proportion of area in the medium-low-risk zone increased from 21.75% to 31.74%, and the proportion of area in the medium-high-risk and high-risk zones increased from 10.63% to 14.38%. The high-risk areas are mainly located in areas with fragmented landscapes and are vulnerable to human activities. The mean ecological risk values in the study area show an increasing trend, and the spatial distribution shows a hierarchical distribution of “lower around the center and higher in the center”. The global Moran’s I index is higher than 0.68, which indicates that the ecological risk values have a significant positive correlation in space, the area of cold spots of ecological risk varies significantly, and the spatial pattern fluctuates frequently, while the spatial distribution of hot spots is relatively stable. Therefore, the landscape ecological risk in the Yellow River source area is rising, but the different risk levels and their spatial aggregation patterns and cold and hot spot areas continue to transform, which requires continuous planning of the landscape pattern to enhance the safety and stability of the regional ecosystem.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhibo Lu & Qian Song & Jianyun Zhao, 2023. "Evolution of Landscape Ecological Risk and Identification of Critical Areas in the Yellow River Source Area Based on LUCC," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9749-:d:1174243
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shuaibing Zhang & Kaixu Zhao & Shuoyang Ji & Yafang Guo & Fengqi Wu & Jingxian Liu & Fei Xie, 2022. "Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Yongchao Liu & Yongxue Liu & Jialin Li & Wanyun Lu & Xianglin Wei & Chao Sun, 2018. "Evolution of Landscape Ecological Risk at the Optimal Scale: A Case Study of the Open Coastal Wetlands in Jiangsu, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-21, August.
    3. Yurong Hu & Shreedhar Maskey & Stefan Uhlenbrook, 2012. "Trends in temperature and rainfall extremes in the Yellow River source region, China," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 110(1), pages 403-429, January.
    4. Timothy McDaniels & Lawrence J. Axelrod & Paul Slovic, 1995. "Characterizing Perception of Ecological Risk," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(5), pages 575-588, October.
    5. Chen Jun & Yifang Ban & Songnian Li, 2014. "Open access to Earth land-cover map," Nature, Nature, vol. 514(7523), pages 434-434, October.
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