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Measuring the Perceived Heterogeneity of Cultural Ecosystem Services in National Cultural Parks: Evidence from China

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  • Wei Huang

    (School of Design, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)

  • Shizhu Lu

    (School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China)

  • Yuqing Guo

    (School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China)

Abstract

National cultural parks are a new form of tourism in China. These parks focus on cultural heritage. Many studies have examined the cultural ecosystem services (CESs) that parks provide from visitors’ perspectives. However, there needs to be more research on the perceived heterogeneity of CESs among different social groups, especially residents, and the relationship between the supply and demand of CESs. This study uses visitor-employed photographs to reveal the landscape features offered by national cultural parks. This study also analyses the relationship between landscape elements in national cultural parks and CESs, as well as the heterogeneity of users’ perceptions of CESs. The results show that the resident group and visitor group agree on the importance of a sense of place in national cultural parks. However, there are differences between the two groups regarding their perceptions of inspiration, recreation, cultural heritage, and social relations in the parks. Residents are most concerned with the parks’ sense of place and social relations. In contrast, visitors are more interested in inspiration, recreation, heritage, and a sense of place. This study highlights the different needs of residents and visitors from the CESs provided by national cultural parks. It also provides insights for the landscape planning and ecotourism management of cultural heritage-type parks.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Huang & Shizhu Lu & Yuqing Guo, 2023. "Measuring the Perceived Heterogeneity of Cultural Ecosystem Services in National Cultural Parks: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9428-:d:1169131
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nowak-Olejnik, Agnieszka & Schirpke, Uta & Tappeiner, Ulrike, 2022. "A systematic review on subjective well-being benefits associated with cultural ecosystem services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    2. Ross, David & Saxena, Gunjan & Correia, Fernando & Deutz, Pauline, 2017. "Archaeological tourism: A creative approach," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 37-47.
    3. Yue Su & Congmou Zhu & Lin Lin & Cheng Wang & Cai Jin & Jing Cao & Tan Li & Chong Su, 2022. "Assessing the Cultural Ecosystem Services Value of Protected Areas Considering Stakeholders’ Preferences and Trade-Offs—Taking the Xin’an River Landscape Corridor Scenic Area as an Example," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Alazaizeh, Mohammad M. & Hallo, Jeffrey C. & Backman, Sheila J. & Norman, William C. & Vogel, Melissa A., 2016. "Value orientations and heritage tourism management at Petra Archaeological Park, Jordan," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 149-158.
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