IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i9p5657-d810637.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Landscape of the Spa Parks Creation through Components Influencing Environmental Perception Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Małgorzata Sztubecka

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Alicja Maciejko

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, ul. Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland)

  • Marta Skiba

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, ul. Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland)

Abstract

The improvement of the landscape of spa parks should result from the planned directions of development and the most important tasks of the spatial policy of spa towns. Their proper management significantly impacts the region’s economic growth: the labour market, the size and type of new financial investments, and the natural environment. The basis of activity in the areas of spa parks is the balancing of elements of the natural, cultural and historical background. Parks are health protection zones, health ecosystems—separated from the spa zone to protect healing and environmental values. These areas should be characterized by rational landscaping. The spatial layout of park areas should consider the appropriate zones (healing, silence, recreation). The leading element that allows separating sub-areas in parks is the layout of alleys and greenery. The attractiveness of parks is also influenced by factors related to spa activities. The article aims to indicate the main criteria affecting the perception of the landscape of spa parks. Their meaning was determined by information entropy. A selection of criteria defining the landscape assessment and influencing the perception of spa greenery, which helped determine how to shape and develop the spa park, was presented. Data obtained from actual field measurements on factors influencing the reception and perception of spa parks were considered. The multi-criteria method of comparative analysis allows one to quickly and transparently determine the hierarchy of the most advantageous variables from the adopted criteria. The study confirmed that the smaller the sum of adverse elements affecting the shaping of the park spatial, the better residents’ and patients’ perception of the park.

Suggested Citation

  • Małgorzata Sztubecka & Alicja Maciejko & Marta Skiba, 2022. "The Landscape of the Spa Parks Creation through Components Influencing Environmental Perception Using Multi-Criteria Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5657-:d:810637
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5657/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5657/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Małgorzata Sztubecka & Marta Skiba & Maria Mrówczyńska & Michael Mathias, 2020. "Noise as a Factor of Green Areas Soundscape Creation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Gualter Couto & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Carlos Santos & Pedro Pimentel & Áurea Sousa & Sandra Faria & Maria da Graça Batista, 2021. "Guidelines for Tourism Sustainability in Ultra-Peripheral Territories: A Research Based on the Azores Region’s Touristic Companies’ Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Philip Stessens & Frank Canters & Marijke Huysmans & Ahmed Z. Khan, 2020. "Urban green space qualities: An integrated approach towards GIS-based assessment reflecting user perception," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/298795, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    4. Ahn, Byeong Seok, 2011. "Compatible weighting method with rank order centroid: Maximum entropy ordered weighted averaging approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 212(3), pages 552-559, August.
    5. Yujin Park & Sang-Woo Lee & Junga Lee, 2020. "Comparison of Fuzzy AHP and AHP in Multicriteria Inventory Classification While Planning Green Infrastructure for Resilient Stream Ecosystems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-25, October.
    6. Jorge Morais & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Luis Loures & Carlos Pinto-Gomes & Pedro Santos, 2019. "Villagers’ Perceptions of Tourism Activities in Iona National Park: Locality as a Key Factor in Planning for Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-18, August.
    7. Pommerening, Arne & Szmyt, Janusz & Zhang, Gongqiao, 2020. "A new nearest-neighbour index for monitoring spatial size diversity: The hyperbolic tangent index," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 435(C).
    8. Ralf-Uwe Syrbe & Ina Neumann & Karsten Grunewald & Patrycia Brzoska & Jiři Louda & Birgit Kochan & Jan Macháč & Lenka Dubová & Petr Meyer & Jan Brabec & Olaf Bastian, 2021. "The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-26, March.
    9. Seiwert, Anne & Rößler, Stefanie, 2020. "Understanding the term green infrastructure: origins, rationales, semantic content and purposes as well as its relevance for application in spatial planning," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    10. Eija Yli-Panula & Eila Jeronen & Eila Matikainen & Christel Persson, 2022. "Conserve My Village—Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish Students’ Valued Landscapes and Well-Being," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-17, January.
    11. Agnieszka Jaszczak & Katarina Kristianova & Ewelina Pochodyła & Jan K. Kazak & Krzysztof Młynarczyk, 2021. "Revitalization of Public Spaces in Cittaslow Towns: Recent Urban Redevelopment in Central Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, February.
    12. Gesler, Wilbert M., 1992. "Therapeutic landscapes: Medical issues in light of the new cultural geography," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 735-746, April.
    13. Rolando-Arturo Cubillos-González & Grace Tiberio Cardoso, 2020. "Clean Technology Transfer and Innovation in Social Housing Production in Brazil and Colombia. A Framework from a Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-12, February.
    14. Mrówczyńska, M. & Skiba, M. & Sztubecka, M. & Bazan-Krzywoszańska, A. & Kazak, J.K. & Gajownik, P., 2021. "Scenarios as a tool supporting decisions in urban energy policy: The analysis using fuzzy logic, multi-criteria analysis and GIS tools," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ireland, Aileen V. & Finnegan-John, Jennifer & Hubbard, Gill & Scanlon, Karen & Kyle, Richard G., 2019. "Walking groups for women with breast cancer: Mobilising therapeutic assemblages of walk, talk and place," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 38-46.
    2. Abre-Rehmat Qurat-ul-Ann & Faisal Mehmood Mirza, 2021. "Multidimensional Energy Poverty in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence from Household Level Micro Data," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 211-258, May.
    3. Plane, Jocelyn & Klodawsky, Fran, 2013. "Neighbourhood amenities and health: Examining the significance of a local park," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1-8.
    4. Bohong Zheng & Rui Guo & Komi Bernard Bedra & Yanfen Xiang, 2022. "Quantitative Evaluation of Urban Style at Street Level: A Case Study of Hengyang County, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-28, March.
    5. Chuhan Chen & Syarmila Hany Haron, 2023. "The Influence of Multistakeholder Value Cognition and Risk Attitudes on Sustainable Interior Landscape Design Decisions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-22, February.
    6. Agnieszka Jaszczak & Ewelina Pochodyła & Katarina Kristianova & Natalia Małkowska & Jan K. Kazak, 2021. "Redefinition of Park Design Criteria as a Result of Analysis of Well-Being and Soundscape: The Case Study of the Kortowo Park (Poland)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-22, March.
    7. Allison Williams & Peter Kitchen, 2012. "Sense of Place and Health in Hamilton, Ontario: A Case Study," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 108(2), pages 257-276, September.
    8. Simone Rusci & Diego Altafini & Valerio Di Pinto, 2021. "Urban Demolition: Application of Blight Elimination Programs and Flood Buyout Programs to the Italian Case," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-21, August.
    9. Liamputtong, Pranee & Suwankhong, Dusanee, 2015. "Therapeutic landscapes and living with breast cancer: The lived experiences of Thai women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 263-271.
    10. Hayriye Sengun & Adnan Kara, 2021. "Cittaslow: Umbrella branding for Turkish cities," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 12(3), pages 81-90, July.
    11. Hale, James & Knapp, Corrine & Bardwell, Lisa & Buchenau, Michael & Marshall, Julie & Sancar, Fahriye & Litt, Jill S., 2011. "Connecting food environments and health through the relational nature of aesthetics: Gaining insight through the community gardening experience," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(11), pages 1853-1863, June.
    12. Jaloliddin Rustamov & Zahiriddin Rustamov & Nazar Zaki, 2023. "Green Space Quality Analysis Using Machine Learning Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-25, May.
    13. Völker, Sebastian & Kistemann, Thomas, 2013. "Reprint of: “I'm always entirely happy when I'm here!” Urban blue enhancing human health and well-being in Cologne and Düsseldorf, Germany," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 141-152.
    14. Shuping Huang & Jinda Qi & Wei Li & Jianwen Dong & Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch, 2021. "The Contribution to Stress Recovery and Attention Restoration Potential of Exposure to Urban Green Spaces in Low-Density Residential Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-20, August.
    15. Jiao Zhang & Qian Wang & Yiping Xia & Katsunori Furuya, 2022. "Knowledge Map of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development: A Visual Analysis Using CiteSpace," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-24, February.
    16. Huamei Shao & Gunwoo Kim & Qing Li & Galen Newman, 2021. "Web of Science-Based Green Infrastructure: A Bibliometric Analysis in CiteSpace," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-19, July.
    17. Leach, Melissa A. & Fairhead, James R. & Millimouno, Dominique & Diallo, Alpha Ahmadou, 2008. "New therapeutic landscapes in Africa: Parental categories and practices in seeking infant health in the Republic of Guinea," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(10), pages 2157-2167, May.
    18. Greg Munno & Álvaro Salas Castro & Tina Nabatchi & Christian M. Freitag, 2022. "Four Perspectives on a Sustainable Future in Nosara, Costa Rica," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-23, December.
    19. Aggelos Tsaligopoulos & Stella Kyvelou & Nefta-Eleftheria Votsi & Aimilia Karapostoli & Chris Economou & Yiannis G. Matsinos, 2021. "Revisiting the Concept of Quietness in the Urban Environment—Towards Ecosystems’ Health and Human Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-19, March.
    20. Sebastian Bernat & Małgorzata Flaga, 2022. "Cittàslow as An Alternative Path of Town Development and Revitalisation in Peripheral Areas: The Example of The Lublin Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-27, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5657-:d:810637. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.