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Removal of Reactive Black 5 Dye by Banana Peel Biochar and Evaluation of Its Phytotoxicity on Tomato

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  • Riti Thapar Kapoor

    (Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201 313, India)

  • Mohd Rafatullah

    (Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Masoom Raza Siddiqui

    (Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Moonis Ali Khan

    (Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mika Sillanpää

    (Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark)

Abstract

Removal of Reactive Black 5 ( RB 5) dye from an aqueous solution was studied by its adsorption on banana peel biochars (BPBs). The factors affecting RB 5 dye adsorption such as pH, exposure time, RB 5 dye concentration, adsorbent dose, particle size and temperature were investigated. Maximum 97% RB 5 dye removal was obtained at pH 3 with 75 mg/L adsorbate concentration by banana peel biochars. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the adsorbent material. The data of equilibrium were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The experimental results were best reflected by Langmuir isotherm with maximum 7.58 mg/g adsorption capacity. Kinetic parameters were explored and pseudo-second order was found suitable which reflected that rate of adsorption was controlled by physisorption. Thermodynamic variables exhibited that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. Banana peel biochar showed excellent regeneration efficiency up to five cycles of successive adsorption-desorption. Banana peel biochar maintained >38% sorption potential of RB 5 dye even after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. The phytotoxic study exhibited the benign nature of BPB-treated RB 5 dye on tomato seeds.

Suggested Citation

  • Riti Thapar Kapoor & Mohd Rafatullah & Masoom Raza Siddiqui & Moonis Ali Khan & Mika Sillanpää, 2022. "Removal of Reactive Black 5 Dye by Banana Peel Biochar and Evaluation of Its Phytotoxicity on Tomato," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:4176-:d:784544
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    1. Anupriya Desore & Sapna A. Narula, 2018. "An overview on corporate response towards sustainability issues in textile industry," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 1439-1459, August.
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