IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i24p16475-d998077.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Defects in Flexible Pavements: A Relationship Assessment of the Defects of a Low-Cost Pavement Management System

Author

Listed:
  • Shabir Hussain Khahro

    (Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

Abstract

Pavement maintenance is a key concern for pavement management authority. Countries (especially developing countries) are facing severe funding challenges regarding maintenance schemes. The existing pavement maintenance methods are goal-specific and lack integration of various indicators that are significant for low-cost PMSs. Thus, this paper investigates the possible defects that may occur in flexible pavements as well as the relationships between different defects. A detailed literature review was conducted to identify all possible defects in flexible pavements and key features considered PMSs. A questionnaire was designed to seek expert opinions on the defects and their possible relationships for a low-cost PMS. The data were collected from 283 experts currently working in pavement management authorities and pavement maintenance schemes. Aggregated mean score, box plotting, and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data. It is concluded that bumps/sags (3.17) are major defects reported by pavement experts in Pakistan, followed by fatigue cracks (3.07). Rutting (2.98) and rut depth (2.98) are the third-ranked key defects reported in this study. Depression (2.96), potholes (2.76), longitudinal crack (2.69), edge crack (2.55), roughness (2.51), and deflection (2.50) are also regular defects in pavement maintenance activities in Pakistan. The results are in an acceptable range of the three-mentioned validation methods. The correlation test results show that most of the defects in structural, functional, safety, and serviceability indicators reject the null hypothesis; thus, there are close relationships between these defects observed in flexible pavements. In the last stage, a PMS model is suggested to assist road management authorities in developing countries to make low-cost decisions for effective pavement rehabilitation.

Suggested Citation

  • Shabir Hussain Khahro, 2022. "Defects in Flexible Pavements: A Relationship Assessment of the Defects of a Low-Cost Pavement Management System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16475-:d:998077
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16475/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16475/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Antonio Pantuso & Giuseppe Loprencipe & Guido Bonin & Bagdat Burkhanbaiuly Teltayev, 2019. "Analysis of Pavement Condition Survey Data for Effective Implementation of a Network Level Pavement Management Program for Kazakhstan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Giuseppe Loprencipe & Antonio Pantuso & Paola Di Mascio, 2017. "Sustainable Pavement Management System in Urban Areas Considering the Vehicle Operating Costs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paola Di Mascio & Alessio Antonini & Piero Narciso & Antonio Greto & Marco Cipriani & Laura Moretti, 2021. "Proposal and Implementation of a Heliport Pavement Management System: Technical and Economic Comparison of Maintenance Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Marco Montoya-Alcaraz & Alejandro Mungaray-Moctezuma & Leonel García, 2019. "Sustainable Road Maintenance Planning in Developing Countries Based on Pavement Management Systems: Case Study in Baja California, México," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Katie E. Haslett & Eshan V. Dave & Weiwei Mo, 2019. "Realistic Traffic Condition Informed Life Cycle Assessment: Interstate 495 Maintenance and Rehabilitation Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-39, June.
    4. Takumi Asada & Tran Vinh Ha & Mikiharu Arimura & Shuichi Kameyama, 2022. "A Novel Approach for Urban Road Network Maintenance Plans Using Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis and Roadside Conditions: A Case Study of Muroran City, Japan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Nader Karballaeezadeh & Farah Zaremotekhases & Shahaboddin Shamshirband & Amir Mosavi & Narjes Nabipour & Peter Csiba & Annamária R. Várkonyi-Kóczy, 2020. "Intelligent Road Inspection with Advanced Machine Learning; Hybrid Prediction Models for Smart Mobility and Transportation Maintenance Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-22, April.
    6. Mariusz Wesołowski & Paweł Iwanowski, 2020. "APCI Evaluation Method for Cement Concrete Airport Pavements in the Scope of Air Operation Safety and Air Transport Participants Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, March.
    7. Aislu Taisarinova & Giuseppe Loprencipe & Madina Junussova, 2020. "The Evolution of the Kazakhstani Silk Road Section from a Transport into a Logistics Corridor and the Economic Sustainability of Regional Development in Central Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-20, August.
    8. Paola Di Mascio & Gaetano Fusco & Giorgio Grappasonni & Laura Moretti & Antonella Ragnoli, 2018. "Geometrical and Functional Criteria as a Methodological Approach to Implement a New Cycle Path in an Existing Urban Road Network: A Case Study in Rome," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, August.
    9. Shong-Loong Chen & Chih-Hsien Lin & Chao-Wei Tang & Liang-Pin Chu & Chiu-Kuei Cheng, 2020. "Research on the International Roughness Index Threshold of Road Rehabilitation in Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study in Taipei City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    10. Dae Young Kim & Seokho Chi & Janghwan Kim, 2018. "Selecting Network-Level Project Sections for Sustainable Pavement Management in Texas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-10, March.
    11. Antonio Pantuso & Giuseppe Loprencipe & Guido Bonin & Bagdat Burkhanbaiuly Teltayev, 2019. "Analysis of Pavement Condition Survey Data for Effective Implementation of a Network Level Pavement Management Program for Kazakhstan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, February.
    12. Ainur Kairanbayeva & Gulnara Nurpeissova & Zhumabek Zhantayev & Roman Shults & Dina Panyukova & Saniya Kiyalbay & Kerey Panyukov, 2022. "Impact of Landscape Factors on Automobile Road Deformation Patterns—A Case Study of the Almaty Mountain Road," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    13. Moins, B. & France, C. & Van den bergh, W. & Audenaert, A., 2020. "Implementing life cycle cost analysis in road engineering: A critical review on methodological framework choices," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    14. David Llopis-Castelló & Tatiana García-Segura & Laura Montalbán-Domingo & Amalia Sanz-Benlloch & Eugenio Pellicer, 2020. "Influence of Pavement Structure, Traffic, and Weather on Urban Flexible Pavement Deterioration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-20, November.
    15. Laura Moretti & Paola Di Mascio & Simona Bellagamba, 2017. "Environmental, Human Health and Socio-Economic Effects of Cement Powders: The Multicriteria Analysis as Decisional Methodology," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16475-:d:998077. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.