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An Energy Management System for PV Sources in Standalone and Connected DC Networks Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Indices

Author

Listed:
  • Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, Curicó 3340000, Chile)

  • Jauder Alexander Ocampo-Toro

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Medellín 050036, Colombia)

  • Andrés Alfonso Rosales-Muñoz

    (Departamento de Mecatrónica y Electromecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050036, Colombia)

  • Brandon Cortes-Caicedo

    (Departamento de Mecatrónica y Electromecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050036, Colombia)

  • Oscar Danilo Montoya

    (Grupo de Compatibilidad e Interferencia Electromagnética (GCEM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
    Laboratorio Inteligente de Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena 131001, Colombia)

Abstract

This research proposes an efficient energy management system for standalone and grid-connected direct current (DC) distribution networks that consider photovoltaic (PV) generation sources. A complete nonlinear programming model is formulated to represent the efficient PV dispatch problem while taking three different objective functions into account. The first objective function corresponds to the minimization of the operational costs with respect to the energy purchasing costs at terminals of the substation, including the maintenance costs of the PV sources. The second objective function is the reduction of the expected daily energy losses regarding all resistive effects of the distribution lines. The third objective function concerns the minimization of the total emissions of CO 2 into the atmosphere by the substation bus or its equivalent (diesel generator). These objective functions are minimized using a single-objective optimization approach through the application of the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), which is combined with a matrix hourly power flow formulation that works by using a leader–follower operation scheme. Two test feeders composed of 27 and 33 nodes set for standalone and grid-connected operation are used in the numerical validations. The standalone grid corresponds to an adaptation of the generation and demand curves for the municipality of Capurganá, and the grid-connected system is adapted to the operating conditions in the metropolitan area of Medellín, i.e., a rural area and a major city in Colombia. A numerical comparison with three additional combinatorial optimizers (i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO), the multiverse optimizer (MVO), and the crow search algorithm (CSA)) demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed leader–follower optimization approach to the optimal management of PV generation sources in DC grids while considering different objective function indices.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Jauder Alexander Ocampo-Toro & Andrés Alfonso Rosales-Muñoz & Brandon Cortes-Caicedo & Oscar Danilo Montoya, 2022. "An Energy Management System for PV Sources in Standalone and Connected DC Networks Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Indices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-25, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16429-:d:997463
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andrés Alfonso Rosales-Muñoz & Jhon Montano & Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Oscar Danilo Montoya & Fabio Andrade, 2022. "Optimal Power Dispatch of DGs in Radial and Mesh AC Grids: A Hybrid Solution Methodology between the Salps Swarm Algorithm and Successive Approximation Power Flow Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-32, October.
    2. Andrés Alfonso Rosales-Muñoz & Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Jhon Montano & Oscar Danilo Montoya & Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno, 2021. "Application of the Multiverse Optimization Method to Solve the Optimal Power Flow Problem in Direct Current Electrical Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-28, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Andrés Alfonso Rosales-Muñoz & Oscar Danilo Montoya, 2023. "An Effective Power Dispatch of Photovoltaic Generators in DC Networks via the Antlion Optimizer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-28, January.
    2. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Jesús C. Hernández, 2023. "Efficient Day-Ahead Dispatch of Photovoltaic Sources in Monopolar DC Networks via an Iterative Convex Approximation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Federico Martin Serra & Walter Gil-González, 2023. "A Robust Conic Programming Approximation to Design an EMS in Monopolar DC Networks with a High Penetration of PV Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez, 2023. "Multi-Objective Dispatch of PV Plants in Monopolar DC Grids Using a Weighted-Based Iterative Convex Solution Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-20, January.
    5. Kimsrornn Khon & Chhith Chhlonh & Vannak Vai & Marie-Cecile Alvarez-Herault & Bertrand Raison & Long Bun, 2023. "Comprehensive Low Voltage Microgrid Planning Methodology for Rural Electrification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-23, February.

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