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Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Facilities Tank Size Based on a Daily Water Balance Model: The Case of Korea

Author

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  • Amjad Khan

    (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
    Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Daehwa-dong 283, Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Yoonkyung Park

    (Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Daehwa-dong 283, Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Jongpyo Park

    (HECOREA Inc., 1304-1306, 233, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08501, Republic of Korea)

  • Reeho Kim

    (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
    Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Daehwa-dong 283, Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Factors affecting rainwater resource management for the present and future include population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) allows multiple urban water-related issues to be mitigated. In this study, a spreadsheet-based daily water balance model was developed to analyze the existing laws and regulations regarding the storage tank size of RWH facilities. Six buildings at different locations were selected for this study. Two are office buildings, two are school buildings, and two are sports buildings. The term “RWH facility evaluation criteria” is collectively used for rainwater supply satisfaction rate, rainwater guarantee rate, and rainwater utilization rate. A green roof can hold the rainwater for some time, reducing the peak flow and runoff volume. The results provide evidence that, among the selected studied buildings, buildings having a combination of a green roof and RWH facility score the highest in terms of RWH facility evaluation criteria, even though the actual tank size is much smaller than the standard tank size. This is the case with the Yesan County Office, in which a green roof connected to a small (66 m 3 ) rainwater storage tank is installed. As a green roof can decrease the runoff volume, the rainwater can be managed efficiently with less pumping energy and only a small storage tank.

Suggested Citation

  • Amjad Khan & Yoonkyung Park & Jongpyo Park & Reeho Kim, 2022. "Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Facilities Tank Size Based on a Daily Water Balance Model: The Case of Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15556-:d:981178
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Campisano, Alberto & Modica, Carlo, 2012. "Optimal sizing of storage tanks for domestic rainwater harvesting in Sicily," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 9-16.
    2. P. Londra & A. Theocharis & E. Baltas & V. Tsihrintzis, 2015. "Optimal Sizing of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks for Domestic Use in Greece," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(12), pages 4357-4377, September.
    3. Yadu Pokhrel & Farshid Felfelani & Yusuke Satoh & Julien Boulange & Peter Burek & Anne Gädeke & Dieter Gerten & Simon N. Gosling & Manolis Grillakis & Lukas Gudmundsson & Naota Hanasaki & Hyungjun Kim, 2021. "Global terrestrial water storage and drought severity under climate change," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 11(3), pages 226-233, March.
    4. Martina Flörke & Christof Schneider & Robert I. McDonald, 2018. "Water competition between cities and agriculture driven by climate change and urban growth," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 51-58, January.
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