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Quantification of Soil Deep Drainage and Aquifer Recharge Dynamics according to Land Use and Land Cover in the Basement Zone of Burkina Faso in West Africa

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  • Moussa Bruno Kafando

    (Laboratoire Eaux HydroSystèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso)

  • Mahamadou Koïta

    (Laboratoire Eaux HydroSystèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso)

  • Cheick Oumar Zouré

    (Institut de Génie de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (IGEDD), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso)

  • Roland Yonaba

    (Laboratoire Eaux HydroSystèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso)

  • Dial Niang

    (Laboratoire Eaux HydroSystèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Ouagadougou 01 BP 594, Burkina Faso)

Abstract

Groundwater is a vital water supply for local populations and ecosystems globally. With the continuous population growth, the anthropic pressure on groundwater is ever increasing, thus reducing the amount of available water resource. Yet, estimating the impact of anthropogenic activities on aquifer recharge is still a significant challenge for research, especially in basement aquifers. This study aims to improve the actual knowledge of deep drainage and deep aquifer recharge pathways and dynamics in the basement as affected by land use/land cover (LULC). The methodology used in this study accounted for hydraulic processes in soil layers within both unsaturated and saturated zones in an integrated approach. An experimental setup consisting of three (3) experimental plots, respectively under natural vegetation (NV), cropped millet (CM) and cropped groundnut (CG) on which deep drainage was monitored during the years 2020 and 2021. The results show significant differences between the LULC types after two years of implementation. Deep drainage is improved under CM and CG plots located in the central valley, as compared to the NV plot located in the ridge zone. Deep drainage is estimated at 8%, 24% and 25% of the annual rainfall, respectively for NV, CM and CG. The ratio between the recharge value obtained by the water table fluctuation (WTF) method and the deep drainage tends to 1 for the CM and CG plots, highlighting a rapid water transfer between unsaturated and saturated zones. The central valley, which seems to be a preferential recharge pathway, provides promising insights under specific conditions for the implementation of artificial recharge infrastructures.

Suggested Citation

  • Moussa Bruno Kafando & Mahamadou Koïta & Cheick Oumar Zouré & Roland Yonaba & Dial Niang, 2022. "Quantification of Soil Deep Drainage and Aquifer Recharge Dynamics according to Land Use and Land Cover in the Basement Zone of Burkina Faso in West Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:22:p:14687-:d:966615
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Klaij, M. C. & Vachaud, G., 1992. "Seasonal water balance of a sandy soil in Niger cropped with pearl millet, based on profile moisture measurements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 313-330, September.
    2. Mahamadou Koïta & Hamma Fabien Yonli & Donissongou Dimitri Soro & Amagana Emmanuel Dara & Jean-Michel Vouillamoz, 2018. "Groundwater Storage Change Estimation Using Combination of Hydrogeophysical and Groundwater Table Fluctuation Methods in Hard Rock Aquifers," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Yi Guo & Fuping Gan & Baikun Yan & Juan Bai & Feng Wang & Ruirui Jiang & Naichen Xing & Qi Liu, 2022. "Evaluation of Groundwater Storage Depletion Using GRACE / GRACE Follow-On Data with Land Surface Models and Its Driving Factors in Haihe River Basin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, January.
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